Trends in Mobile
communications
ITU TRAINING ON SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT FOR TERRESTRIAL
SERVICES
VICTORIA, REPUBLIC OF SEYCHELLES, 5
-
9OCTOBER, 2015
Outline of presentation
• Evolution of mobile communications
• Overview of evolving standards
– 3G
– UMTS HSDPA/HSUPA
– HSPA+
– LTE and LTE-Advanced
• Drivers of mobile broadband beyond 2020
• Technology trends in mobile broadband
History of mobile communications
ITU activities on standardization
Frequency bands
(bandwidth) in MHz
RR provisions
identifying the band for IMT
450-470 (20) 5.286AA
694/698-960 (366) 5.312A, 5.313A, 5.316B, 5.317A
1 710-2 025 (315) 5.384A, 5.388
2 110-2 200 (90) 5.388
2300-2400 (100) 5.384A
2500-2690 (190) 5.384A
3400-3600 (200) 5.430A, 5.432A5.432B, 5.433A
Frequency bands
identified for IMT by ITU
IMT standards
recommended by ITU
IMT
-2000 (M.1457)
IMT
-Advanced (M.2012)
a) IMT
-2000 CDMA Direct Spread
b) IMT
-2000 CDMA Multi-Carrier
c) IMT
-2000 CDMA TDD
d) IMT
-2000 TDMA Single-Carrier
e) IMT
-2000 FDMA/TDMA
f) IMT
-2000 OFDMA TDD WMAN
a) LTE
-Advanced (3GPP)
b)
WirelessMAN-Advanced (IEEE)
Wireless LAN in 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz bands
(See Rec. ITU-R M.1450, ETSI EN300 328, IEEE 802.11)
Giga bit WLAN (60 GHz bands)
(Rec. ITU-R M.2003 (ISO/IEC 13156, ETSI EN302 567) MBWA (IEEE
802.20)
3G – beginning of mobile broadband (MBB)
• The current mobile broadband begins with 3G
• 3G requirements were defined in ITU standard IMT-2000
• General requirements:
– Increased channel bandwidth
– Packet switching
– Efficient Radio Access
• Rates: up to 2 MBS (indoor), 384 kbps (city), 144 kbps
(countryside)
• Types of information to be transmitted / services:
– Voice, messaging
– Internet, intranet, email, telemetry
– Videos (RT, NRT), games, downloading music files
UMTS channel utilization
GSM/GPRS
Narrow bandwidth,
limited data
UMTS
Wide bandwidth
improved data
Node B
• UMTS Release 99 is W-CDMA (wideband code division multiple access)
HSDPA/HSUPA
Технология HSDPA/HSUPA = 3.5G High Speed Downlink/Uplink
Packet Access contains any new features were introduced to increase
capacity, increase efficiency and reduce latency
HSDPA starts in R5 (2002)
HSDPA/HSUPA defines a high speed channel (5x compared to UMTS)
16QAM modulation is introduced
The technology uses more effective multiplexing, adaptive
modulation and coding
Reduced Latency in HSDPA/HSUPA
• R99 Retransmission of corrupted data at RNC (controller)
• R5 - Retransmission of corrupted data at Node B (base station)
• Latency is reduced from 150 ms (UMTS) to 100 ms: better
support of real-time services
HSPA and HSPA+
• HSDPA + HSUPA = HSPA
– maximum 14.4Mbps DL
– maximum 5.76Mbps UL
• HSPA+ (evolution of HSPA = R7= 3.75G)
– maximum 21.6Mbps –> 42Mbps –> 84Mbps DL
– maximum 11.6Mbps UL
• Характеристики HSPA+
– higher-order modulation (64QAM)
– multiple input, multiple output (MIMO) 2x2
– layer-2 enhancements
– Multi-Carrier Mode (MC- CDMA)
– support of voice, SMS
– multicast/broadcast single-frequency network (MBSFN)
MIMO in HSPA
• Downlink only: 2 transmitting antennas at base station and 2
receiving antennas at user equipment
• Spatial multiplexing increases data rate -> up to 2x capacity increase
• Requires urban environment
Carrier aggregation
• UE usually works at one frequency channel
• Carrier aggregation (CA) allows for usage of several frequency
channels in one UE
• CA may use adjacent channels or channels from other frequency
bands
• Result: increase in data rates, for example:
– Single-Carrier HSPA+ with MIMO 42Mbps
– Multi-Carrier HSPA+ with MIMO 84Mbps
LTE overview (Release 8 - 3.9G)
• Flexible bandwidth: 1.4 – 20MHz
• High order modulation and coding:QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM
• Adaptive modulation and coding
• Robust OFDMA in downlink, efficient SC-FDMA in uplink
(more power efficient than OFDMA and good for UE
batteries)
• Good multipath performance
• Advanced antenna support: MIMO 2x2, 4x4
• Beamforming
• Compatibility with GSM and 3G
Advantages of LTE channel
Node B
• HSPA capacity is limited by 5 MHz channel
LTE capacity обеспечивается каналом до 20 МГц, efficient
multiplexing OFDMA, MIMO antennas and beamforming
Adaptive modulation and coding
• Noise, interference, propagation
affects signal quality
• Adaptive modulation optimizes
data rate/signal quality
• AM – choice of modulation
depending on channel conditions
High level modulation16QAM and
64QAM (high rates) are used near
base station
Simple and robust modulation like
QPSK are used towards cell edges
LTE-Advanced
• Published in R10 (2010)
• Peak rates: 1 Gbps downlink, 0.5 Gbps uplink
• Increase spectrum efficiency and better
signal quality at cell edge
• Main features:
– OFDMA/ SC-FDMA Multiplexing
– 4x4 MIMO
– Turbo coding (error correction)
– Utilization of retranslators
ретрансляторы
суммирование несущих
– Carrier aggregation -> up to 100 MHz channel
Mobile broadband deployment (on 4.09.15)
• HSPA: 582 networks in 203 countries
– 88% support peak downlink rates of 7.2 Mbps
– 69%) of the networks are HSPA+ in 168 countries
• LTE deployment - mainstream
– 677 invested in LTE in 144 181 countries
– 422 commercially lunched LTE networks in 143 countries (59 TDD)
• Subscriptions (2Q 2015)
– 1 994 million WCDMA subscriptions, including HSPA and HSPA+
– 755 million LTE subscriptions (10.4% of mobile connections)
• Devices: 3 253 LTE devices launched, 1 783 LTE smartphones
• Mostly used LTE band - 1800 MHz (44% networks)
Drivers of MBB beyond 2020
• Broadcasting over MBB
– Users may enjoy free-to-air TV/audio broadcasting through
MBB as well as broadcasting networks
• Ultra dense M2M (machine-to-machine communication)
– Traffic safety, smart grid, e-health, industry automation,
augmented reality, tele-monitoring, tele-command, etc.
• Augmented and virtual reality
– High resolution 3D video is essential
• User group communication and D2D
(device-to-device communication) e.g. PPDR operations
Drivers of MBB beyond 2020
Estimation of
global mobile
subscriptions
10.7
11.3
11.9
12.5
13.2
13.8
14.4
15.1
15.7
16.4
17.1
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Billion
7
10
14
19
26
34
45
57
70
84
97
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 2030
Billion
M2M Connections
Estimation of
global M2M nodes
ITU and MBB beyond 2020
• ITU-R (WRC) ensures spectrum and regulatory framework
– WRC-15 will discuss additional spectrum below 6.5 GHz
• Agenda item 1.1 (Additional spectrum for IMT)
• Agenda item 1.2 (Use of 700 MHz for IMT in Region 1)
– WRC-19 may address the bands above [6/10/20] GHz
• SG5 of ITU-R developed draft IMT Vision and is developing
GCS (Global Core Standards)
– Vision and requirement (Doc. 5/199)
– GCS (Rec. ITU-R M.1457, M.2012, M.1450, M.2003,…)
Key characteristics of MBB beyond 2020
Example of
key parameters
of IMT beyond
2020
Phase and expected timelines for IMT-2020
The sloped dotted lines in systems deployment indicate that the exact starting point cannot yet be fixed.
: Possible spectrum identification at WRC-15 and WRC-19
*
: Systems to satisfy the technical performance requirements of IMT-2020 could be developed before year 2020 in some countries.
: Possible deployment around the year 2020 in some countries (including trial systems)
2000
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019
2020
~
Spectrum for
IMT
Spectrum implementation
Enhancement and related development of standards
(Rec. ITU-R M.1457 and ITU-R M.2012)
Systems deployment
IMT-2000
and
IMT-Advanced
and their
enhancement
Evolution/Integration with other radio system
Other radio
systems
~
New elements
to offer
capabilities of
IMT-2020
Vision Requirements
Standards
Development
Standards
Enhancement
Systems
deployment *
Technology trends – radio access
• Carrier aggregation (CA)
– within same frequency block and
– between discontinuous bands (e.g. 700 MHz / 900 MHz /
1.8 GHz / 2.3 GHz / 3.4 GHz…)
• Advancements in antenna
– Massive MIMO, 3D-beamforming, higher order MU-MIMO
– Network MIMO, Active antenna system (AAS)
• Advancements in modulation
– Filtered OFDM (FOFDM)
– Filter bank multi-carrier (FBMC) modulation
Technology trends – networks
• Heterogeneous radio access network
– Cooperative operation between FDD and TDD, between
different technologies such as IMT, RLAN, Broadcasting
– By using Joint coordinated multipoint (CoMP)
transmission, Dynamic radio access configuration, flexible
backhaul resource management, etc.
• Ultra dense network with small cells
– Cloud radio access network (C-RAN)
– Self organized/optimized network (SOM)
– Network function virtualization (NFV)
• Mobile relay (e.g. via access points in trains)
• Relay based multi-hop network
• Ultra broadband backhaul infra-structure (Fibres, Radios)
IMT-2020: many things to come
IMT-2020:
a technology for women
(requirements are not
simple)
Thank you !
