you need to explain something happening in the video, then pause it to do so. This ensures that the audience stays focused on the
message and not the presentation aid.
Audio
In addition to video, audio also can be a good supplement to a speech, but, like video, it has some limitations. Audio clips allow an
audience to hear expert and peer testimony straight from the source, rather than paraphrased or quoted by you. Audio also can help
provide sound effects that illustrate key sounds in a speech that you cannot deliver on your own. For example, an engineer could
explain how to identify when a machine is stalling due to a malfunctioning piece of equipment by providing the particular sound it makes.
Audio is, however, not usually used on its own. In fact, you should always ask yourself if the audio clip you intend to play for the
audience helps them understand something more clearly. If it does, then you are using it appropriately, but if it does not, then you
should not incorporate it into your presentation. In any event, technologies such as audio and video can be combined with the more
traditional presentation aids we discussed earlier.
Slideshow Presentations
In the last twenty years, presentation software has been readily available for students, professors, and professionals to use when
delivering remarks. You can now choose from PowerPoint™, Keynote™, Prezi™, and several other platforms to create a dynamic and
colorful slideshow.
We first discuss a mistake that many novices make when creating slideshows: wordiness. In essence, placing too many words on
slides turns them into giant note cards that are then read to and by the audience. This design is unprofessional and defeats the purpose
of visual aids by distracting the audience from your speech. Remember, these are presentation aids, not your entire presentation.
Professors are often guilty of this approach. Think of teachers you might have had who put their entire lecture on PowerPoint slides.
We would wager you paid more attention to writing down what was on the slide than listening to and understanding what the instructors
were saying. Salespeople are also often guilty of putting too much information on slides for sales presentations.
Embedding Video and Audio
You may want to embed video or audio into your speech. Embedding a video allows you to save the video directly in your slideshow
program so you do not have to link to an external Web site, such as YouTube, to show the video clip. Most presentation software
programs allow you to do this, but you should practice to make sure it works the way you want it to. This is especially important if you
will be using a different computer during your presentation since there are occasional compatibility problems among operating systems
or software. Another option for displaying video is to link directly to the URL on an overhead slide. The problem with this approach is that
the Internet might be down and you will not be able to access the link. Whenever possible, it is a good idea to embed the video in the
slide and include the URL in the notes field so that you have a backup option for showing the video.
Color Schemes
Slideshow presentation programs have a myriad of color selections from which you may choose. It is important to be aware, however,
that not all color schemes go well together. Color can help your audience focus on a specific item on the slide, and it also can contribute
to the mood or emotional dimensions of your speech. There are three significant areas for which you choose color applications on
slides: background, borders, and lettering. It is important that the lettering be visible, so do not choose the same or similar color for the
background and borders. If you are using a dark background, use light colored text, and vice versa.
One simple color scheme to use is black and white, but these colors do not generate much energy. Certain topics lend themselves
to a particular color palette. For example, a speech about breast cancer might use pink, while one about communism might use red.
Whichever color pattern you use, realize that what you see on your computer monitor may not look the same as what you will see in a
classroom on a giant overhead monitor. To avoid this potentially catastrophic problem, test your color pattern in advance.
Animation
Many slideshow programs now allow for rudimentary forms of animation. Animation can be clever, but it can also be distracting and
even cause headaches and nervousness in your audience. Having spinning pinwheels and stars fading in and out may be creative,
but do not assume that it makes your speech better. If you use animation, make sure it is fleeting and does not run throughout your
speech. For example, you might have a key word quickly fly into place or use animation to highlight a specific part of a diagram. After
it has served its purpose, you should disengage the animation and focus upon the remaining portion of your speech. If used correctly,
animation can help bring something to the audience’s attention, but it also can distract from your speech.