PHP-QUESTION BANK
1.
a. Explain the working of QueryString using an example.
When a form is submitted using GET method, the form‟s data is sent to the server in the form
of “variable=value” pairs. A variable and its value are separated by equality sign (=) and
different “variable=value” pairs are separated by ampersand sign (&).This complete set of
“variable=value” pairs is called Query String and is visible in the URL. Example:
The query string is specified by the values following the question mark (?).
When a form is submitted by GET method, this query string is visible in the URL. A PHP script
retrieves this string in $_SERVER[“QUERY_SRING”].
Query Strings are used to pass information from a browser to a web server. Several different
processes can generate a query string. Query strings are generated by sending a form, by a
user typing a query in the address box of the browser or in the anchor tag.
b. Differentiate between
(i) GET and POST methods of sending data
GET
POST
Data sent by GET method is restricted to
1024 characters.
In the POST method there is no restriction
on data size to be sent.
Data is visible in the URL while being sent
to the server. Therefore, GET method
should not be used to send sensitive data
like passwords etc.
Data is invisible as it is embedded within the
body of HTTP request. Hence, data being
sent is secure.
GET cannot be used to send binary data,
like images or word documents, to the
server.
POST can be used to send ASCII as well as
binary data.
(ii) $_GET and $_POST variables.
$_GET receives the data if a form is submitted by GET method, whereas $_POST receives the
data if a form is submitted by POST method.
c. Find the error(s) in the following code:
<?php
$name = $nameErr = "";
OK=false;
if ($_SERVER("REQUEST_METHOD") == "POST")
{
$name = $_POST["name"];
if (!empty($name))
OK=true;
else
nameErr = "Please enter name";
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form name = form1 action=POST
method = "<?php echo $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]; ?>" >
Name <input type = textbox name = "name">
<?php echo $nameErr; >
<br>
<input type = submit name = submit value = "SUBMIT">
</form>
<?php
if $OK==true
echo "Hello ".$name."!<P>How are you";
?>
</body>
</html>
<?php
$name = $nameErr = "";
$OK=false; // - 1
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST") // - 2
{
$name = $_POST["name"];
if (!empty($name))
$OK=true; // - 3
else
$nameErr = "Please enter name"; // - 4
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form name = form1 action method=POST // - 5
method action = "<?php echo $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]; ?>" > // - 6
Name <input type = textbox name = "name">
<?php echo $nameErr; ?> // - 7
<br>
<input type = submit name = submit value = "SUBMIT">
</form>
<?php
if ($OK==true) // - 8
echo "Hello ".$name."!<P>How are you";
?>
</body>
</html>
2.
Create a form which takes the name of the user as input and prints a greeting in the
format given below and if the user submits the form with the name field blank, it prints
an appropriate error message.
Hello Francis!
How are you today?
<?php
$name = $nameErr = "";
$OK=false;
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST")
{
$name = $_POST["name"];
if (!empty($name))
$OK=true;
else
$nameErr = "Please enter name";
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form name = form1 method=POST
action = "<?php echo $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]; ?>" >
Name <input type = textbox name = "name"> <?php echo $nameErr; ?>
</P>
<input type = submit>
</form>
<?php
if ($OK)
echo "Hello ".$name."!</BR>How are you";
?>
</body>
</html>
3.
Create the following form and based on the user selection print a message in the
format given below:
Your favourite car is: Nissan
<?php
$car = $carErr = "";
$OK=false;
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST")
{
if (!empty($_POST["Car"]))
{
$car = $_POST["Car"];
$OK=true;
}
else
$carErr = " **Please select a Car";
}
?>
<html>
<body>
<form name = form1 method=POST
action = "<?php echo $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]; ?>" >
Please select your favourite car <?php echo $carErr; ?> <br>
<input type = radio name = Car value = Nissan>Nissan </BR>
<input type = radio name = Car value = Toyota>Toyota </BR>
<input type = radio name = Car value = Mitsubishi>Mitsubishi </BR>
<input type = submit name = submit value = "SUBMIT">
</form>
<?php
if ($OK==true) // - 6
echo "Your favourite car is ".$car;
?>
</body>
</html>
4.
Create the following form and do form validation to ensure that all the fields are
filled/selected by the user. When the user submits the form, the message “Order
Placed” with the details of the order must be displayed.
<!-- PHP6-FormValidationAns.php -->
<?php
$sizeErr = $typeErr = $topErr = $nameErr = $addressErr = $phoneErr = "";
$size = $type = $name = $address = $phone = "";
$toppings = array();
$OK = false;
if ($_SERVER["REQUEST_METHOD"] == "POST")
{
$OK=true;
if (!empty($_POST["size"]))
$size = $_POST["size"];
else
{
$sizeErr = "Please select pizza Size";
$OK = false;
}
if (!empty($_POST["type"]))
$type = $_POST["type"];
else
{
$typeErr = "Please select pizza Type";
$OK = false;
}
if (!empty($_POST["Toppings"]))
$toppings = $_POST["Toppings"];
else
{
$topErr = "Please select 1 or more toppings";
$OK = false;
}
if (!empty($_POST["txtName"]))
$name = $_POST["txtName"];
else
{
$nameErr = "Please enter your name";
$OK = false;
}
if (!empty($_POST["txtAdd"]))
$address = $_POST["txtAdd"];
else
{
$addressErr = "Please enter your Address";
$OK = false;
}
if (!empty($_POST["txtPhone"]))
$phone = $_POST["txtPhone"];
else
{
$phoneErr = "Please enter your Phone number(s)";
$OK = false;
}
}
?>
<html>
<style>
.error {color:RED}
</style>
<body>
<form name = form1 method = "POST" action =
"<?php echo $_SERVER['PHP_SELF'] ?>" >
<h2>Make Your Pizza</h2>
Size of the Pizza <span class = error><?php echo $sizeErr ?></span> </BR>
<input type = radio name = size value = Small>Small 8" -Serves 1 person</BR>
<input type = radio name = size value = Medium>Medium 12" -Serves 2 people</BR>
<input type = radio name = size value = Large>Large 16" -Serves 4 people
<P>
Select Type <?php echo $typeErr ?>
<Select name = "type">
<option>Regular</option>
<option>Thin Crust</option>
<option>Double Cheese</option>
</Select>
<P>
Toppings:
<input type = checkbox name = "Toppings[]" value = Cheese>Cheese
<input type = checkbox name = "Toppings[]" value = Corn>Corn
<input type = checkbox name = "Toppings[]" value = Tomato>Tomato
<input type = checkbox name = "Toppings[]" value = Chicken>Chicken
<BR><?php echo $topErr ?>
<HR>
<h2>Contact Details</h2>
<pre>
Name: <input type = textbox name = txtName> <?php echo $nameErr ?><BR>
Address <input type = textbox name = txtAdd><?php echo $addressErr ?><BR>
Phone Number(s): <input type = textbox name = txtPhone> <?php echo $phoneErr
?><BR><input type = submit name = submit>
</form>
</body></html>
<?php
if (isset($_POST['submit']) && $OK==true)
{
echo "<h2>Thanks for placing the order. Your order details are:</h2>";
echo $size." ".$type." Pizza with ";
foreach ($toppings as $top)
echo $top." ";
echo "toppings<p>";
echo "Pizza will be delivered to ".$name." at <br>".$address;
echo " <br>Phone: ".$phone;
}
?>
5.
What are Superglobals? Give 4 example
Superglobals are built in Variable in PHP that are always available in all scope and we
can access them from any functions class or file
Main Superglobals are
$GLOBALS
$_SERVER
$_REQUEST
$_POST
$_GET
$_FILES
$_COOKIE
$_SESSION
$_ENV
6.
Define preg_match() function ? How to use to check $name contain only letter and
space
preg_match() function searches for pattern, returning true if the pattern exists and
false otherwise.
If(preg_match(“/^[a-zA-Z ]*$/”,$name))
echo “ valid”;
else echo “Invalid”;
7.
Explain how filter_var() function is used to validate Email
When we use FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL filter , in filter_var() function it validate
whether the value is a valid email address, returning true if it is valid and false
otherwise.
If(filter_var($email,FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)
echo “ valid”;
else echo “Invalid”;
8.
Explain <fome action= “<?php echo $_SERVER[“PHP_SELF”]?>” statement
$_SERVER[“PHP_SELF”] is used to display the path of currently used script file name
So the above statement action attributes states that after the form submission form data
will be handle by the PHP Script present in the same file.
9.
Explain $_SERVER[“REQUEST_METHOD”]
It is used to tell whether data is sent using GET method or POST method when form is
submitted
10.
How can we add PHP in HTML
PHP code can be added to an HTML file by including the code in:
the tags <script language=php> and </script>
the delimiters <?PHP and ?>
11.
Name two equivalent Tools of PHP
Java Server Page
Active Server Page
12.
Differentiate between
Server Side scripting
Executed by the browser
Actual code can be viewed by the user
Creates HTML code
PHP file
Has the extension .php
Contains PHP code and may or may not
contain HTML code.
Cannot be executed by
the browser
Echo
Can be used with or without parameters:
echo
or echo()
Can be used with or without
parameters:
print
or print()
Can take multiple parameters separated by
comma.
Can take only one parameter.
Does not return any value.
Always returns 1
Is faster than print
Is slower than echo.
if..elseif
Multiple conditions involving different
expressions may be specified.
Conditions may involve range checking and
inequality expressions.
While
do..while
while specifies an entry- controlled
loop
do..while specifies an exit
controlled loop.
Loop does not execute even once if the
condition if false in the beginning.
Loop executes at least once
irrespective of the initial value of the
condition.
Non-deterministic loop
Number of iterations of the loop can be
predicted.
Number of iterations of the loop
cannot be predicted.
The looping condition does not depend
on the user
The looping condition depends on
the user input.
e.g. for loop and foreach loop
While loop and do..while loop.
for loop
foreach loop
Can be used for arrays or
otherwise.
Can be used for arrays only.
Need to specify the number of iterations
of the loop.
Need not specify the number
of iterations of the loop. The loop
runs for the number of elements
in the specified array.
Entry controlled loop
Exit controlled loop
Looping condition is specified in the
beginning of the loop.
Looping condition is specified at the
end of the loop.
Loop does not execute even once if the
condition if false in the beginning.
Loop executes at least once
irrespective of the initial value of the
condition.
Examples: for loop and while
loop
Example: do..while loop
date()
getdate()
Returns date and time in specified
format.
Returns date and time in the form
of an associative array.
Can take two arguments – date format
and timestamp
Can take only one argument –
timestamp
Local Variable
Global variable
A local variable is defined inside a
function.
A global variable is defined
outside any function.
A local variable can be used only in the
function in which it is defined.
A global variable can be accessed
in any block of the script.
Passing by value
Passing by reference
It is a copy of corresponding actual
parameter
It is an alias of corresponding
actual
parameter
Change in value parameter does not
change actual parameter
Change in reference
parameter,
updates actual parameter
13.
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14.
Explain the Following Function
a) strtoupper()
takes a string as argument and returns the string with all
alphabetic characters converted to uppercase
b)
strtolower() takes a string as argument and returns the string with all
alphabetic characters converted to lowercase.
c)
ltrim() removes whitespaces (or other characters) from the left(beginning)
of a given string
d)
rtrim() removes whitespaces (or other characters) from the right(end) of
a given string.
e) strcmp()
performs a case-sensitive string comparison whereas
strcasecmp()
performs a case- insensitive string comparison.
f)
sort() sorts an indexed array in ascending order,
g)
rsort() sorts the array in reverse (descending) order.
h)
abs() function returns the absolute value of specific number . absolute
value is always positive. Abs(-4.5) //return 4.5
i)
round(number,decimal) round is used to round the number to no of
decimal level. // round(23.43,1) returns 23.4 round(23.44) returns 44
j)
pow(x,y) returns x to the power y pow(2,3) returns 2
3
=8
k)
Sqrt(Number) returns the square root of number // sqrt(49) returns 7
15. o
u
n
d
What is Typecasting how it is done in PHP? Name two function used in PHP
for typecasting ?
Converting one data type into other is known as Typecasting. Generally PHP
automatically convert one data type into other where ever possible.
PHP has two function to do the same also
a) gettype(): it returns a string that represent the name of the data type
Syntax gettype(variable);
$ A=17;
Print gettype($A); // returns integer
b) settype() it is used to permanently change the data type of variable
$Scode=100A
settype($Scode, “integer”); //Scode is set to 100 (Integer)
16.
What are comments? How to give comments in PHP
Comments are the line ignored by PHP interpreter. Non executable lines
Different ways to give comments
Using // or # for single line comments
/* */ for Multiple Line Comments
17.
What is constant ? Declare a constant Pi and assign value 3.14
Constant is name given to value which will not change during the execution of
script. Constant are case sensitive constant are declared using define
keyword . Constant does no require $ sign to decalre
Syntax define(“Varaiable name”,Value);
define(“Pi”,3.14);
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18.
Deference between = and ==
= is assignment operator used to assign value where as == is relational
operator used to compare.
19.
What is use of ternary(conditional) operator
Conditional operator(? :) is to used check a condition and produce logical
result , Either True or False: The Syntax
Variable=(condition expression)? Expression for True: Expression for False
$A =(10%2==0)? “Even No”: “Odd No”;
Echo $A; // Even No
20.
Difference between \ and %
\ is used to find the quotient where as % is used for finding remainder
\ works with floating value % does not works with Floating
21.
What is the use of default and break
default clause is used to handle the case when no match of any case of switch
statement is found.
break is used to terminate the loop
22.
What is an array? How it is differ from ordinary variables?
An array is collection of variable of same type under one name. Array is
defined in the same manner as ordinary variable expect that array variable
must accompany by a size
Array can be created using array( ) function
Syntax $arrayName=array(Value1,Value2…..ValueN);
Example $A=array(2,4,6,8,10);
23.
Write the command(s) to open a text file called data.txt which exists in the directory
C:\temp.
$file = fopen(“c:\temp\data.txt”, “r”);
24.
Explain the PHP fopen() function and PHP fclose() functions.
fopen() : fopen() function is used to open a file. The syntax of fopen() is:
fopen(filename, mode);
fopen() takes two parameters:
i) filename: Specifies the name of the file to be opened.
ii) mode: specifies the mode in which the file should be opened.
fclose() : fclose() is used to close an open file. fclose() takes a single parameter (the file
reference) and returns a Boolean value indicating the successful or failed closure of file.
Syntax: fclose(file);
25.
What are different modes for file opening in PHP?
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Different file opening modes in PHP are:
SNo.
Mode
Description
1.
r
„Read only‟ mode.
2.
r+
Read/Write mode.
3.
w
Write only mode.
4.
w+
Read/Write mode.
5.
a
Append mode.
6.
a+
Read/Append mode.
7.
x
Creates the file and opens it in Write only mode.
8.
x+
Creates the file and opens it in Read/Write mode.
26.
Explain with an example how to use PHP fopen() function.
fopen() function is used to open a file in a specific mode.
Example:
$file = fopen(“sample.txt”, “r”);
This command opens a text file names “Sample.txt” in „Read only‟ mode.
27.
How does $_FILES variable work in PHP?
$_FILES is a superglobal which stores the details of the uploaded files. The details of the
each file include
i) file name,
ii) file type,
iii) file size (in bytes),
iv) temporary location of the file on the server,
v) error code in case some error occurred during of the file upload
28.
What is the purpose of move_uploaded_file() in PHP?
When a file is uploaded, it gets stored in a temporary area on the server until it is moved.
The file has to be moved from that temporary area, or else it will be destroyed. The
function move_uploaded_file() moves an uploaded file to a new location on the server.
29.
What are PHP cookies? What is the use of a PHP cookie?
Cookies are small files that the server stores on user‟s computer when the user visits a
website.
Cookies are generally used to identify return visitors, with their approval, so that continuity
can be established between visits. Cookies can also be used to keep a user logged into a
website indefinitely, track the time of the user's last visit, and much more.
30.
Explain with an example how to set a PHP cookie.
A cookie is created with the setcookie() function. The setcookie() function must be run
before any other data is sent to the browser, such as the opening <html> tag or random
whitespace.
Example:
<?php
setcookie(“Example”, “Anamika”, time()+60*60);
?>
This code sets a cookie called "Example" that has a value "Anamika". The cookie will
expire after one hour (current time + 3600 seconds) of its creation.
31.
Explain with an example how to delete a PHP cookie?
To delete a cookie we need to set the same cookie but with no value and with an expiry
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date set in the past (i.e., a date that has already expired). This forces the browser to delete
the cookie from the user‟s system.
<?php
//set the expiry date to 1 second ago
setcookie("Example", "", time()-1);
?>
32.
What is the use of setcookie() function in PHP?
The setcookie() function is used to create Cookies.
33.
What is the importance of sessions used in PHP?
PHP sessions are of small, temporary files that are stored on the website's server.
Sessions can be used to store unique information about, or change unique settings for
each visitor, but only for the duration of each separate visit. PHP session allows an
application to store information for the current session.
The information kept in sessions is secure because it is stored on the server, rather than
on the client.
Session variables store user information to be used across multiple pages (e.g., username,
favourite color etc.). By default session variables last until the user closes the browser.
34.
Explain with an example how to register/start a session in PHP.
A session is started in PHP using Session_start() function. This function must be run on
every page, before any other data is sent to the browser, such as the opening <html> tag
or random whitespace.
Example:
<?PHP
Session_start(); ?>
35.
Explain with an example how to destroy a session in PHP.
A session is destroyed by using the session_destroy() function. Session_destry() function
ends the session completely, as well as erase all session variables.
Example:
<?php
session_destroy(); ?>
36.
How is PHP error handling done?
PHP error handling is done in two ways:
(i) Default error handling: The default error handling in PHP is very simple – an
error message with filename, line number and a message describing the error is
sent to the browser. An example is shown below:
(ii) Custom error handling: To customize the error handling, PHP provides custom
error handling techniques and these are:
PHP die() method
Defining custom error handling functions and error triggers
Error reporting or logging
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37.
What are the different PHP error handling methods?
Different PHP error handling methods are:
(i) Default error handling
(ii) Custom error handling
38.
What is PHP die() method?
PHP die() method is used to to overrule the default error handling in PHP. die() method is
used to terminate the further execution of PHP script and give a specified error message to
the user.
Example:
<?php
if (!file_exists("myfile.txt"))
die("File not found");
else $file = fopen("myfile.txt","r");
?>
This code will check if the file “myfile.txt” exists. If the file does not exist, then it will give a
message “File not found” to the user and terminate the further execution of the script.
39.
Write PHP code to read a text file abc.txt and display alternate lines of the file on the
screen.
<!-- PHP7-ReadAlternate.php -->
<?php
$file = fopen("abc.txt","r");
while (!feof($file))
{
$line = fgets($file);
echo $line."<BR>";
$line = fgets($file);
}
fclose($file);
?>
40.
Write PHP code to read a text file xyz.txt and count the number of words, lines, and
characters in the file.
<!-- PHP7-CountWords.php -->
<?php
$words = $lines = $char = 0;
$file = fopen("xyz.txt","r");
while (!feof($file))
{
$data = fgets($file);
$lines++;
}
fclose($file);
$file = fopen("xyz.txt","r");
while (!feof($file))
{
$data = fgetc($file);
$char++;
if ($data == ' ')
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$words++;
if (ord($data) == 13)
{
$words++;
$char--;
$data = fgetc($file);
}
}
fclose($file);
$words++;
echo "<P>File contains $words Words, $lines lines, and $char characters";
?>
41.
Write PHP code to read a text file str.txt and display all the lines beginning with letter
“A”.
<!-- PHP7-ShowALines.php -->
<?php
$file = fopen("str.txt","r");
while (!feof($file))
{
$line = fgets($file);
if ($line[0] == 'A')
echo $line."<BR>";
}
fclose($file);
?>
42.
Write PHP code to read a text file abc.txt and display the contents of the file on the
screen replacing all spaces in the file by the # symbol.
<!-- PHP7-ShowReplaced.php -->
<?php
$file = fopen("abc.txt","r");
while (!feof($file))
{
$char = fgetc($file);
if ($char == ' ')
echo "#";
else echo $char;
if (ord($char) == 13)
echo "<BR>";
}
fclose($file);
?>
43.
Write PHP code to read a text file data.txt and count the number of vowels,
consonants and other characters present in the file.
<!-- PHP7-CountVowels.php -->
<?php
$file = fopen("data.txt","r");
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$vowels = $conso = $others = 0;
while (!feof($file))
{
$char = fgetc($file);
if (ord($char) != 13 && ord($char) != 10)
{
$char = strtoupper($char);
if ($char=='A' or $char=='E' or $char=='I'
or $char=='O' or $char == 'U')
$vowels++;
else if ($char >= 'A' and $char <= 'Z')
$conso++;
else
$others++;
}
}
fclose($file);
echo "File contains $vowels vowels, $conso consonants, and $others other characters";
?>
44.
Write PHP code to read a text file named mega.txt and display the contents of the file
after converting all the alphabets to upper case alphabets.
<!-- PHP7-ConvertToUpper.php -->
<?php
$file = fopen("mega.txt","r");
while (!feof($file))
{
$char = fgetc($file);
if (ord($char) == 13)
echo "<BR>";
else echo strtoupper($char);
}
fclose($file);
?>
45.
What is the difference between PHP fgests() and PHP fgetc()?
fgets() reads one line of text from the specified file, whereas fgetc() read one character
from the specified file.
46.
How does the PHP execute SQL statements?
To get the PHP execute the SQL statement using mysqli_query() method
47.
What is use of fetch_assoc() Method
This method returns an associative array that corresponds to the fetched row, the keys of
the element are the name of the columns.
48.
What is connection object
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Connection object is used to establish and managing connection between your application
and data source
49.
Explain num_row()
To get the numbers of rows returned by Select Query
50.
What is the use of Mysql_fetch_array()
Each time Mysql_fetch_array() is envoked, it returns the next records from the results set
as an array.
51.
Ans 25 Ans 0 2 4 6 8 Ans 1 4 7 10 13 16 19
52.
Change the for Loop to while loop without
Affecting output of above
<?php
$i=1;
$x=0;
for($i=1; $i<10; $i*=2)
{
$x++;
echo $x;
}
echo "<BR>" . $i ;
?>
Ans
<?php
$i=1;
$x=0;
While($i<10)
{
$x++;
echo $x;
$i*=2
}
echo "<BR>" . $i ;
?>
53.
Change the While Loop to for loop
<?php
$num=5;
$fact=1;
$i=1;
while($i<=$num) {
$fact=$fact*$i;
echo"<br>" . $fact;
$i++; }
echo "<br><br>FACTORIAL= " . $fact ;
?>
<?php
$num=5;
$fact=1;
$i=1;
For($i=1;$i<=$num;$++) {
$fact=$fact*$i;
echo"<br>" . $fact;
}
echo "<br><br>FACTORIAL= " . $fact ;
?>
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54.
Give Output and change the for loop to while
loop
$str = "ABCDE";
for($i=strlen(str); $i>=1;$i--)
{
for($a=0; $a<i; $a++)
{
echo(substr($str,$a));
}
document.write("<br>");
}
//Do it your self
Give Output and change the while loop to
for loop
var $i=0, $x=0;
while($i<10)
{
if(($i%2)==0)
{
$x=$x+$i
echo($x + " " );
}
$i++;
}// Do it your self
55.
Give Output and change the while loop to for
loop
var a, b, c, sum_even=0, sum_odd=0;
$a=20, $b=1;
while($b<=$a)
{ if($b%2==0)
$sum_even+=$b;
else
$sum_odd+=$b;
$b++;
}
echo("sum even No. = " + $sum_even);
echo("sum odd No. = " + $sum_odd);
// Do it your self
Give Output and change the while loop to
for loop
$A=1, $B;
while($A<=5)
{ $B=2;
while($B<=$A*$A)
{
echo($B)
$B+=5
} echo("<br>")
$A+=1
}
// Do it your self