EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES:
THEORY & PRACTICE
eISSN: 2148-7561
ISSN: 2630-5984 (Old ISSN: 1303-0485)
Guidelines
2020
EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES:
THEORY & PRACTICE
Guidelines
APA Manual 7
th
Edition
In October 2019, the American Psychological Association
(APA) introduced the 7
th
edition of the APA Publication Manual,
which replaces the 6
th
edition published in 2009.
Since July 2020, articles submitted to Educational Sciences:
Theory and Practice should follow strictly the 7
th
edition of
the APA Publication Manual.
REFERENCES AND
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
IN APA STYLE
7
th
edition
Reference Examples
Journal Article References
• Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in
storybooks: A comparison of storybooks that represent ethnic and racial groups in the
United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207-217. https://doi.org/10.10
37/ppm0000185
Parenthetical citation: (Grady et al., 2019)
Narrative citation: Grady et al. (2019)
Books
• Jackson, L. M. (2019). The psychology of prejudice: From attitudes to social action (2nd
ed.). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000168-000
Parenthetical citation: (Jackson, 2019)
Narrative citation: Jackson (2019)
Chapter in a Book
• Dillard, J. P. (2020). Currents in the study of persuasion. In M. B. Oliver, A. A. Raney, &
J. Bryant (Eds.), Media effects: Advances in theory and research (4th ed., pp. 115-129).
Routledge.
Parenthetical citations: (Dillard, 2020)
Narrative citations: Dillard (2020)
Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice follows strictly APA Style 7
th
edition. For
more reference examples and their in-text citations, as presented in the 7
th
edition
Publication Manual, click on the corresponding link.
Source: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/
REFERENCES AND
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
IN APA STYLE
7
th
edition
Reference Examples
Published Dissertation or Thesis
• Miranda, C. (2019). Exploring the lived experiences of foster youth who obtained
graduate level degrees: Self-efficacy, resilience, and the impact on identity development
(Publication No. 27542827) [Doctoral dissertation, Pepperdine University]. PQDT Open.
https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/2309521814.html?FMT=AI
Parenthetical citations: (Miranda, 2019)
Narrative citations: Miranda (2019)
Unpublished Dissertation or Thesis References
• Harris, L. (2014). Instructional leadership perceptions and practices of elementary
school leaders [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. University of Virginia.
Parenthetical citation: (Harris, 2014)
Narrative citation: Harris (2014)
Conference presentation
• Evans, A. C., Jr., Garbarino, J., Bocanegra, E., Kinscherff, R. T., & Márquez-Greene, N.
(2019, August 8-11). Gun violence: An event on the power of community [Conference
presentation]. APA 2019 Convention, Chicago, IL, United States. https://convention.apa.
org/2019-video
Parenthetical citation: (Evans et al., 2019)
Narrative citation: Evans et al. (2019)
Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice follows strictly APA Style 7
th
edition. For
more reference examples and their in-text citations, as presented in the 7
th
edition
Publication Manual, click on the corresponding link.
Source: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/
REFERENCES AND
IN-TEXT CITATIONS
IN APA STYLE
7
th
edition
Please note that:
1. The publisher location should not be included in the Reference.
Incorrect: Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and
worst. New York: Penguin Books.
Correct: Sapolsky, R. M. (2017). Behave: The biology of humans at our best and worst.
Penguin Books.
2. The in-text citation for works with three or more authors is shortened
right from the first citation. You only include the first author’s name and
“et al.”.
Incorrect: Grady, Her, Moreno, Perez, & Yelinek (2019)
Correct: (Grady et al., 2019)
Correct: Grady et al. (2019)
3. Surnames and initials for up to 20 authors (instead of 7) should be
provided in the reference list.
Incorrect: Kaess, M., Durkee , T., Brunner, R., Carli, V., Parzer , P., Wasserman, C.,…
Ziberna , J. (2014).
Correct: Kaess, M., Durkee , T., Brunner, R., Carli, V., Parzer , P., Wasserman, C.,
Sarchiapone , M., Hoven, C., Apter , A., Balazs , J., Balint , M., Bobes , J., Cohen, R.,
Cosman , D., Cotter, P., Fischer, G., Floderus , B., Iosue , M., Haring, C., … Ziberna , J.
(2014).
Source: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/
REFERENCES AND
IN-TEXT CITATIO NS
IN APA STYL E
7
th
edition
4. DOI are formatted the same as URLs (as hyperlinks). The label “DOI:”
is no longer necessary.
Incorrect: doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193972
Correct: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0193972
• If a print work does not have a DOI, do not include any DOI or URL in the
reference.
5. URLs are no longer preceded by “Retrieved from,” unless a retrieval
date is needed. The website name is included (unless it’s the same as the
author), and web page titles are italicized.
Incorrect: Walker, A. (2019, November 14). Germany avoids recession but growth
remains weak. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50419127
Correct: Walker, A. (2019, November 14). Germany avoids recession but growth remains
weak. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/business-50419127
6. For ebooks, the format, platform, or device (e.g. Kindle) is no longer
included in the reference, and the publisher is included.
Incorrect: Brück, M. (2009). Women in early British and Irish astronomy: Stars and
satellites [Kindle version]. https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2473-2
Correct: Brück, M. (2009). Women in early British and Irish astronomy: Stars and
satellites. Springer Nature. https:/doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2473-2
Source: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/references/
INCLUSIVE AND
BIAS-F REE
LANGUAGE
➢ Writing inclusively and without bias is the standard recommended by APA’s new
manual.
➢ The guidelines provided by APA help authors reduce bias around topics such as
gender, age, disability, racial and ethnic identity, and sexual orientation, as well as
being sensitive to labels and describing individuals at the appropriate level of
specificity. For example:
➢ The singular “they” or “their” is endorsed as a gender-neutral pronoun.
Incorrect: A researcher’s career depends on how often he or she is cited.
Correct: A researcher’s career depends on how often they are cited.
➢ Instead of using adjectives as nouns to label groups of people, descriptive
phrases are preferred.
Incorrect: The poor
Correct: People living in poverty
➢ Instead of broad categories, you should use exact age ranges that are more
relevant and specific.
Incorrect: People over 65 years old
Correct: People in the age range of 65 to 75 years old
Source: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/bias-free-language
APA PAPER FORMAT
▪ The running head on the title page not includes the words “Running head:”. It
contains only a page number and the (shortened) paper title.
Incorrect: Running head: COMPULSIVE TEXTING AND ACADEMIC FUNCTIONING
Correct: COMPULSIVE TEXTING AND ACADEMIC FUNCTIONING
➢ Type the running head in all-capital letters.
➢ Ensure the running head is no more than 50 characters, including spaces and
punctuation.
➢ Avoid using abbreviations in the running head. The ampersand symbol (&) may be
used rather than “and” if desired.
▪ Heading levels 3-5 were updated to improve readability.
➢ Double-space headings; do not switch to single spacing within headings.
➢ Do not add blank lines above or below headings, even if a heading falls at the end
of a page.
Source: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/paper-format
MECHANICS OF
STYLE
▪ Use only one space after a period at the end of a sentence.
▪ Use double quotation marks instead of italics to refer to linguistic examples.
Incorrect: APA endorses the use of the singular pronoun they.
Correct: APA endorses the use of the singular pronoun “they”.
• Use title case for the following:
➢ Titles of articles, books, reports, and other works appearing in text
Correct: In the book Train Your Mind for Peak Performance: A Science-Based
Approach for Achieving Your Goals….
➢ Titles of tests or measures, including subscales
➢ All headings within a work (levels 1–5; these are also bold or bold italic)
➢ The title of your own paper and of named sections and subsections within it
Correct: The Method section…
➢ Titles of periodicals (these are also italicized)
Correct: Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice
➢ Table titles (these are also italicized)
➢ Figure titles (these are also italicized), axis labels, and legends
Source: https://apastyle.apa.org/style-grammar-guidelines/
EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES:
THEORY & PRACTICE
Guidelines
2020
