APA Style Handout, 7

Edition

This document provides examples of citation and reference format for commonly used print

and electronic research resources such as journals, books, web sites, etc. If this guide does not

list a type of material you need to cite, consult the Publication Manual of the American

Psychological Association (7th ed., 2019; ON RESERVE at the Main Desk in the Library).

General rules

Papers written in APA Style are double-spaced in their entirety. This includes extended

quotes, notes, and the list of works cited.

Margins: One inch

Font: A sans serif font such as 11-point Calibri, 11-point Arial, or 10-point Lucida Sans

Unicode. Or, a serif font such as 12-point Times News Roman or 11-point Georgia

Student Title Page includes:

Page number aligned top right

Paper Title

Author

Institution Affiliation

Course

Instructor

Due date

See library for student paper example.

For professional title page elements, see page 31 of the 7

edition APA Manual.

Format for References

Following each citation example are examples of how to cite the source in-text, both

parenthetically and in the narrative. For direct quotes, include page number following

the year, See page 9.

Journal, Magazine, and Newspaper Articles

Journal article with a DOI

Pandey, D. K., Adhiguru, P., Devi, S. V., Dobhal, S., Dubey, S. K., & Mehra, T. S. (2019).

Quantitative assessment of crop species diversity in shifting cultivation system of

Eastern Himalaya. Current Science (00113891), 117(8), 1357–1363.

https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v117/i8/1357-1363

Parenthetical citation: (Pandey et al., 2019)

Narrative citation: Pandey et al. (2019)

Journal article without a DOI

Smith, A. G. (1942). The contemporary southern regional novel as a factor in regional

sociology. Southwestern Social Science Quarterly, 23(2), 121–132.

http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=asn&AN=16687639&site=e

host-live

Parenthetical citation: (Smith, 1942)

Narrative citation: Smith (1942)

Magazine article retrieved online

Bustillos, M. (2013, March 19). On video games and storytelling: An interview with Tom

Bissell. The New Yorker. https://www.newyorker.com/books/page-turner/on-video-

games-and-storytelling-an-interview-with-tom-bissell

Parenthetical citation: (Bustillos, 2013)

Narrative citation: Bustillos (2013)

Magazine article in print

Weir, K. (2017, January). Forgiveness can improve mental and physical health. Monitor

Psychology, 48(1). 30.

Parenthetical citation: (Weir, 2017)

Narrative citation: Weir (2017)

Newspaper article retrieved online

Fadulu, L. (2019, December 6). Trump’s rollback of transgender rights extends through

entire government. The New York Times.

https://www.nytimes.com/2019/12/06/us/politics/trump-transgender-rights.html

Parenthetical citation: (Fadulu, 2019)

Narrative citation: Fadulu (2019)

To cite article from online news sources (as opposed to newspapers), see page 7.

Books

One Author

Colton, T. J. (2008). Yeltsin: A life. Basic Books.

Parenthetical citation: (Colton, 2008)

Narrative citation: Colton (2008)

Note: If the book has a url or doi, add it to the entry.

Schiraldi, G. R. (2001). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing,

recovery, and growth (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.

https://doi.org/10.1036/0071393722

Parenthetical citation: (Schiraldi, 2001)

Narrative citation: Schiraldi (2001)

More than one and up to twenty authors

*All authors should be listed in the reference up to the 20

author*

Christian, B., & Griffiths, T. (2016). Algorithms to live by: The computer science of human

decisions. Henry Holt and Co. http://a.co/7qGBZAk

Parenthetical citation: (Christian & Griffiths, 2016)

Narrative citation: Christian and Griffiths (2016)

Book or anthology with editor

Gold, M. (Ed.). (1999). The complete social scientist: A Kurt Lewin reader. American

Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10319-000

Parenthetical citation: (Gold, 1999)

Narrative citation: Gold (1999)

Translated book

Buber, M. (1970). I and thou (W. Kaufmann, Trans.). Charles Scribner’s Sons.

(Original work published 1923)

Notes: Buber is the author, Kaufmann is the translator.

Parenthetical citation: (Buber, 1970)

Narrative citation: Buber (1970)

Chapter or article from an anthology or edited book

Johnson, V. (1998). Pan-Africanism in print: The Boston Chronicle and the struggle for black

liberation and advancement, 1930-50. In J. Danky & W. Wiegand (Eds.), Print culture in

a diverse America (pp. 56-84). University of Illinois Press.

Parenthetical citation: (Johnson, 1998)

Narrative citation: Johnson (1998)

Chapter in an edited book, reprinted from another book

Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). The social ecology of human development: A retrospective

conclusion. In U. Bronfenbrenner (Ed.), Making human beings human: Bioecological

perspectives on human development (pp. 27-40). SAGE Publications. (Reprinted from

Brain and intelligence: The ecology of child development, pp. 113-123, by F.

Richardson, Ed., 1973, National Educational Press)

Parenthetical citation: (Bronfenbrenner, 1973/2005)

Narrative citation: Bronfenbrenner (1973/2005)

Encyclopedia

Anthropomorphism. (1995). In R.P. McBrien (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Catholicism. Harper.

Parenthetical citation: (“Anthropomorphism,” 1995)

Narrative citation: “Anthropomorphism” (1995)

Religious Work

Study Bible. (2013). Anselm Academic.

Parenthetical citation: (Study Bible, 2013)

Narrative citation: Study Bible (2013)

Multimedia and Open Web Sources

Webpage on a website

Browne, R. (2019, December 17). Russian spy ship off US coast operating in 'unsafe manner,'

officials say. CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/16/politics/russian-ship-us-

coast/index.html

Parenthetical citation: (Browne 2019)

Narrative citation: Browne (2019)

Webpage on an organization website (no named author)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2019, August 6). About diabetes.

https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/basics/diabetes.html

Parenthetical citation: (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2019)

Narrative citation: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2019)

Webpage on an organization website (no named author or date)

Neumann University. (n.d.). Core values of Neumann University.

https://www.neumann.edu/mission/identity/corevalues.asp

Parenthetical citation: (Neumann University, 2019)

Narrative citation: Neumann University (2019)

Wikipedia entry

Cat. (2019, December 17). In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cat

Parenthetical citation: (“Cat,” 2019)

Narrative citation: “Cat” (2019)

Film or video

Reiner, R. (Director). (1987). The Princess Bride [Film]. 20

Century Fox.

Parenthetical citation: (Reiner, 1987)

Narrative citation: Reiner (1987)

YouTube video or other streaming video

Vox. (2016, September 7). What people miss about the gender wage gap [Video]. YouTube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13XU4fMlN3w

Parenthetical citation: (Vox, 2016)

Narrative citation: Vox (2016)

Podcast Episode

Glass, I. (Host). (2011, August 12). Amusement park (No. 443) [Audio podcast episode]. In This

American life. WBEZ Chicago. https://www.thisamericanlife.org/radio-

archives/episode/443/amusement-park

Parenthetical citation: (Glass, 2011)

Narrative: Glass (2011)

PowerPoint Slides

Rauscher, M. (2019). Education class notes [PowerPoint slides]. Blackboard.

https://neumann.dcollege.net/webapps/portal/execute/tabs/tabAction?tab_tab_group_id=_

1_1

Parenthetical citation: (Rauscher, 2019)

Narrative citation: Rauscher (2019)

Format for In-text Citations

For paraphrasing, no page numbers are needed in in-text citations. For direct

quotes, include page numbers in in-text citations when available.

Paraphrasing with parenthetical citation at the end

Communist Russia’s position against exposing the intimate and private details of a

citizen’s life kept biography writing from becoming a well-practiced art form (Colton, 2008).

Paraphrasing with author’s name in narrative

Colton (2008) attributes the menial amount of biographical Russian tomes to the fear

created by the social struggles and political climate under the Soviet regime.

Direct quote- fewer than 40 words

Biographies were not written because “exposing details like socioeconomic, religious,

and ethnic lineage, accusations against a relative, hidden enthusiasms or grudges- was

treacherous for the subject”(Colton, 2008, p. 3).

Direct quotation including author in narrative

Williams (2019) states that “cats are positive additions to family dynamics and can

provide stress relief” (pp. 3-4).

Direct quotation- more than 40

words

Buber asks (1923/ 1970):

Imagine that at some dreadful midnight you lie there, tormented by a

waking dream: the bulwarks have crumbled and the abysses scream,

and you realize in the midst of this agony that life is still there and I

must merely get through it—but how? How? (p. 120)

This idea…

Note: Longer quotations should be indented .5 inch from the left margin in a block

format.

Two authors

(Harada & Yoshina, 2005)

Three or more authors

(Hersey et al., 2001)

Organization author

First time:

(Middle States Commission on Higher Education

[MSCHE], 2002)

All others:

(MSCHE, 2001)

More than one source at a time

Alphabetize sources inside parentheses by first

author’s surname.

Two studies (Gordon & Myers, 2003; Lopez,

2003) suggest that…

Editor instead of author

It is not necessary to identify an editor as such for

in-text citations.

(Haley, 2003)

Translated work

Use author name (NOT translator), original

publication date and translation publication

date.

(Buber, 1923/1970)

No author with date

For in-text citations, and within the body of a

paper, article titles and web pages are

capitalized and put inside quotation marks.

Books and brochure titles are italicized.

(“Cancun Exposed,” 2003)

No author, no date

(“Diabetes,” n.d.)

For in-text citations, and within the body of a paper,

article titles are capitalized and put inside quotation

marks. Books and Web page titles are italicized.

E-mail to you

(K. Tsu, personal communication, May 3, 2003)

K. Tsu (personal communication, May 3, 2003)

states…

Religious Texts

(King James Bible, 1769/2017)

(The Qur’an, 2004)

Wikipedia entry

(“William of Ockham,” 2007)

Web page with author and date

(Daley, 2000)

General rules for Reference List

The Reference List starts on a new page.

The capitalized title word References appears in bold at the top of the Reference list

page, centered.

Entries are arranged alphabetically using the author’s last name. Entries without authors are

alphabetized by the first significant word (ignoring the word ‘a,’ ‘an,’ and ‘the’) in the title within the

same list.

Citations must be in hanging indent format where the first line of type is aligned with the left

margin and each additional line is indented 5 to 7 spaces.

The entire Reference list should be double spaced.

Single spaces follow any punctuation in Reference list citations.

In a Reference list, only the beginning word, proper nouns, and words following punctuation

are capitalized in book and article titles.

Following the italicized title of a journal, the volume is also italicized while the issue number

and page numbers are not.