Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
Manuscript
Guidelines
Edited by
Anna Clark, Anne Rees and Alecia
Simmonds
Transnationalism,
Nationalism and
Australian History
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
Contents
Introduction .............................................................................................................................................. 1
Manuscript Preparation Tools for Word and LaTeX ........................................................................ 1
Permissions ...................................................................................................................................... 1
Links to Web Pages .......................................................................................................................... 1
Springer Nature Code of Conduct and Book Publishing Policies for Book Authors ........................ 1
Manuscript Preparation ............................................................................................................................ 2
Front Matter .................................................................................................................................... 2
Title Page ......................................................................................................................................... 2
Foreword (optional) ........................................................................................................................ 2
Preface (optional) ............................................................................................................................ 3
Acknowledgments ........................................................................................................................... 3
Competing Interests ........................................................................................................................ 3
Ethics Approval ................................................................................................................................ 3
About This Book/Conference (optional).......................................................................................... 3
Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ 3
About the Author (optional) ............................................................................................................ 4
List of Contributors (contributed volumes only; optional).............................................................. 4
List of Abbreviations (optional) ....................................................................................................... 4
List of Figures and/or Tables (optional)........................................................................................... 4
Abstracts .......................................................................................................................................... 4
Keywords (if applicable) .................................................................................................................. 5
Headings and Heading Numbering .................................................................................................. 5
Terminology, Units, and Abbreviations ........................................................................................... 5
Formal Style and Text Formatting ................................................................................................... 5
Emphasis and Special Type .............................................................................................................. 5
Boxes ............................................................................................................................................... 6
Equations and Program Code .......................................................................................................... 6
Spelling and Punctuation ................................................................................................................. 6
Cross-References ............................................................................................................................. 6
Tables............................................................................................................................................... 6
Figures and Illustrations .................................................................................................................. 7
Numbering ................................................................................................................................... 7
Figure Captions............................................................................................................................. 7
Figure and Illustration Files .......................................................................................................... 7
Accessibility ..................................................................................................................................... 7
Electronic Supplementary Material ................................................................................................. 8
Submission ................................................................................................................................... 8
Videos ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Video Files .................................................................................................................................... 9
Supplementary Texts and Presentations ..................................................................................... 9
Supplementary Spreadsheets ...................................................................................................... 9
Specialized Formats...................................................................................................................... 9
Collecting Multiple Files ............................................................................................................... 9
Numbering ................................................................................................................................... 9
Processing of Supplementary Files .............................................................................................. 9
Accessibility .................................................................................................................................. 9
Acknowledgments ......................................................................................................................... 10
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
Competing Interests ...................................................................................................................... 10
Ethical Approval ............................................................................................................................. 10
References ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Reference Lists ........................................................................................................................... 11
Reference Styles ......................................................................................................................... 11
Back Matter ................................................................................................................................... 12
Appendix ........................................................................................................................................ 12
Glossary ......................................................................................................................................... 13
Index .............................................................................................................................................. 13
Final Check and Submission .......................................................................................................... 13
Manuscript Submission Checklist .................................................................................................. 15
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
Introduction
Springer Nature is an Education and Research brand that publishes under the imprints of Springer,
Palgrave Macmillan, Macmillan Education, and APress among others. Publishing a book is a joint
effort between you and Springer Nature. We feel it is important that our authors concentrate on the
content of the chapter or a book. When writing a book for Springer Nature, please do not be
concerned with the final layout. That is Springer Nature’s role.
To ensure that we always keep pace with all current online and print requirements, Springer Nature
structures the content in XML as the basis for presentation in print or in digital formats for such
devices as Amazon Kindle™, Apple iPad™/iPhone™, and Google Android™. We utilize standard
layouts with style specifications suitable for multiple display formats.
What advantages do these provide for you in manuscript preparation? It means you can focus on
the content and Springer Nature will professionally prepare your book with underlying XML
structuring, in such a way that ensures your content becomes not only a professionally typeset
printed work but is also available to readers in numerous formats for many years to come (e.g.,
online eBook).
Where not otherwise stated these guidelines apply to monographs and edited books alike.
Manuscript Preparation Tools for Word and LaTeX
If you are using Microsoft Word to prepare your manuscript, you do not need to use any special tool
for preparation. Please just ensure that the document is clearly structured visually, (e.g., using
heading styles, lists, footnotes, etc.). We also provide a Manuscript preparation tool for Word.
For LaTeX users, Springer Nature provides a manuscript preparation tool that helps structure the
manuscript (e.g., define the heading hierarchy). Predefined style formats are available for all the
necessary structures that are supposed to be part of the manuscript, and these formats can be
quickly accessed via hotkeys or special toolbars.
Note: This tool is not intended for the preparation of the final page layout. The final layout will be
created by Springer Nature according to our layout specifications.
LaTeX2e macro packages for monographs and for contributed books.
Use of this tool is not mandatory. Alternatively, you may either use a blank Word document or the
standard LaTeX book class (for monographs) or article class (for individual contributions) and apply
the default settings and styles (e.g., for heading styles, lists, footnotes, etc.).
For Springer Conference Proceedings preparation guidelines click here
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
Permissions
• If excerpts from copyrighted works (including websites), such as photos, illustrations,
tables, animations, videos, or text quotations are included in the manuscript, it is the
author’s responsibility to obtain permission from the copyright holder (and where
required also from recognizable persons in photos) for both the print and online format,
unless they can be used without permission under a copyright exception. We require
“nonexclusive world rights in all languages for all media and all editions of your work,
including advertising, publicity, and promotional materials for the book.”
• Please comply with the instructions stipulated in the permission(s) concerning
acknowledgments or credit lines within your manuscript (e.g., reference to the copyright
holder in captions) and keep the written confirmation of the permission in your possession
with the copy of your manuscript.
• Please be aware that some publishers do not always grant right of reproduction for free.
Springer Nature will not be able to refund any costs that may have been incurred in receiving
these permissions. As an alternative, material from other sources should be used.
• Start the permissions process as soon as you can. It is Springer Nature’s policy to accept
manuscripts for Production only where permissions have been granted. If you have questions
about what may or may not require permission, please speak to your editor. In order to give
sufficient time for all clearances to be obtained, the permissions application process should
be started at least 3 months in advance of the final manuscript delivery date.
• Upon submission in the Manuscript Submission Portal you will be asked to declare if your
manuscript contains third-party content or content which is your own work but which you
have previously published and if so the necessary permissions have been obtained and are
available on request by the publisher. For detailed guidance please see the Springer Nature
Guide to Copyright and Permissions.
Links to Web Pages
Under current law, there is a risk that the author and the publisher will be held liable if a web page
to which there is a link in the author’s work contains content that infringes copyright (e.g., images
or texts for which the rights were not clarified in a proper manner). In order to reduce this risk, the
following measures should be taken if you include links in your work:
• Please only link to trustworthy websites (e.g., websites of renowned publishers,
scientific societies, well-known companies and associations, Springer Nature websites).
• Please do not link to user-generated content and other “unprofessional” websites, for which
it is unlikely that the content has undergone adequate rights checks.
• If possible, please link to specific subpages or items (images, charts, etc.) in order to reduce
possible liability.
Springer Nature Code of Conduct and Book Publishing Policies for Book
Authors
Springer Nature is committed to upholding the integrity of the scientific record, and as a member
follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) guidelines on how to deal with potential acts of
misconduct. It is therefore important that the work you submit has been carried out in line with
international standards for responsible research publication.
Authors should follow the minimum standards as set out in the Book Authors' Code of Conduct and
our Book Publishing Policies to adhere to the publishing standards before submitting your
manuscript.
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
Manuscript Preparation
To guarantee a smooth publication process and a seamless transformation of your manuscript into the
final layout and various electronic platforms, the manuscript needs to be structured as follows:
• Front Matter, in this order:
o Title page
o Dedication
o Foreword
o Preface
o Acknowledgments
o Competing Interests
o Ethics Approval
o About the book/conference
o Table of Contents
o About the Author (for authored books)
o About the Editor/List of Contributors (for edited books)
o List of Abbreviations
o List of Figures and/or Tables
The title page and table of contents MUST appear in the manuscript’s front matter. All other
sections listed above are optional. The above order is not flexible. We have defined this order as
our house style and optimized our publication process to follow it strictly.
• Text Body: It comprises the chapters containing the content of the book, i.e., text, figures,
tables, and references. Chapters can be grouped together in parts.
• Back Matter: After the last chapter, the back matter can contain an appendix, a glossary,
and/or an index. Please find more information on page 12.
Front Matter
The front matter content in the published book is freely downloadable on SpringerLink to provide
potential readers with more information about your work. Please note: An introduction should be
treated as the first chapter in the text body.
Title Page
• Please include all author/editor names, their affiliations, e-mail addresses, ORCID iD
(optional) the book title, and the subtitle. Ensure that the sequence of the author names
is correct and the title of your book is final when you submit your manuscript. Please
note: in the published book, affiliations are not included on the title page; they are
included on the copyright page which immediately follows the title page.
• Once the manuscript has been delivered to Production, changes to title, subtitle, or
authorship are no longer possible.
Foreword (optional)
• If you intend to include a foreword, please submit it with the manuscript.
• A foreword is usually written by an authority on the subject and serves as a recommendation
of the book.
• The name of the foreword’s contributor is always given at the end; affiliations and titles are
generally not included, but the date and place of writing may be.
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
Preface (optional)
A Preface concerns the book itself e.g., why it is important, why it was written. It should stimulate
interest in the book. The Preface should not contain a reference list.
The Preface should not be an introduction to the subject matter of the book. The Introduction does
not belong in the front matter, it should appear as the first chapter.
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgments of support or assistance in preparing the book can be included as the last
paragraph(s) of the preface. If the acknowledgment is more than one page long, it should start on a
separate page under the heading: Acknowledgments.
Researchers using large language model tools (LLM) should document this is the acknowledgment
section.
Competing Interests
In the interests of transparency and to help readers form their own judgements of potential bias,
Springer Nature requires authors to declare any competing financial and/or non-financial interests
in relation to the content of the book. The corresponding author is responsible for providing a
competing interests' statement on behalf of all authors. Please see below for competing interests
on chapter level in edited works. For more information, please see our Book Publishing Policies
Ethics Approval
Authors must follow ethical standards for primary studies in a book/chapter manuscript with
human participants, as per the Declaration of Helsinki or comparable standards. For human
participants, authors are required to include a statement that informed consent (to participate
and/or to publish) was obtained from individual participants. For animal studies, authors should
follow legal guidelines and disclose ethical standards in the manuscript. Please see below for Ethics
Approval on chapter level in edited works.
About This Book/Conference (optional)
• For conference titles, this section describes the conference (aims, duration, participants,
organization, etc.).
• Describes the structure/content of the book (parts, main focus of certain chapters/groups of
chapters).
• Describes any didactic elements–their importance, reasons for their use, methodology.
Table of Contents
• Front matter material is not listed in the table of contents.
• List all parts, chapters, and back matter material (e.g., an index) in their final sequence.
• If your chapters are numbered, use Arabic numerals and number the chapters consecutively
throughout the book (Chapter 1, Chapter 2, etc.), i.e., do not start anew with each part. The
introductory chapter must be listed as Chapter 1, if your chapters are numbered. Please do
not use subchapters.
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
• In authored books we present two heading levels under the main chapter titles. In edited
books, we present the chapter titles and the chapter author names.
• If there are parts, use Roman numerals for parts (Part I, Part II, etc.). Parts consist of a
short title and can contain a short introductory text (optional). Please don’t use subparts.
About the Author (optional)
A brief biography (ca. 100–250 words) including institutional affiliations, other written works, and
accomplishments.
List of Contributors (contributed volumes only; optional)
• If your book shall have a List of Contributors, you can include a List of Contributors section in
which each contributor is listed (can be listed alphabetically) with name, degree/credential
(optional), affiliation, and location. Please ensure that it is up to date and confirmed by each
contributor. Please decide if given names should be written in full or abbreviated to initials.
Please be consistent.
The information will be published as provided.
Please note that degrees/credentials are not included on the chapter opening pages.
• Alternatively, the typesetter will create a List of Contributors with the names and affiliations
as they are provided in the chapters without degrees/credentials.
• Short biographies of 50 to 100 words are accepted. The preferred way of including short
biographies of chapter authors is however to add them at the end of each chapter in the
manuscript and not in the List of Contributors.
List of Abbreviations (optional)
A list of abbreviations and/or symbols may be very helpful if numerous abbreviations and special
symbols are scattered throughout the text.
List of Figures and/or Tables (optional)
• A List of Figures can be generated if non-keyed material is provided with the manuscript
handover. Non-keyed material may include items such as figures, illustrations, and maps.
• A separate List of Tables can be generated if tables are provided.
• Individual items will be labeled according to chapter number and sequence (e.g., Fig. 1.1 will be
the first figure in chap. 1; Fig. 1.2 will be the second figure in chap. 1, etc.).
Abstracts
• Chapter abstracts are strongly encouraged because they have been proven to significantly
increase a book’s visibility. Good abstracts will mean that more people read your book.
These will appear online at SpringerLink and other sites and will be available with
unrestricted access to facilitate online searching (using, e.g., Google) and allow unregistered
users to read the abstract as a teaser for the complete chapter.
• Begin each chapter with an abstract that summarizes the content of the chapter in no more
than 200 words.
• If no abstract is submitted the first paragraph of the chapter will be used instead.
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
• Please note that abstracts will not always appear in the print version of the book. For further
details, please consult your editor.
Keywords (if applicable)
• Please consult your editor for keyword usage.
• Each keyword should not contain more than two compound words, and each keyword phrase
should start with an uppercase letter.
• When required we allow 5–10 keywords per chapter.
• When selecting the keywords, think of them as terms that will help someone locate your
chapter at the top of the search engine list using, for example, Google. Very broad terms,
(e.g., “Case study” by itself) should be avoided as these will result in thousands of search
results but will not result in finding your chapter.
Headings and Heading Numbering
• Heading levels should be clearly identified and each level should be uniquely and consistently
formatted and/or numbered.
• Use the decimal system of numbering if your headings are numbered.
• Never skip a heading level. The only exceptions are run-in headings which can be used at any
hierarchical level.
This is a Run-in Heading This type of heading has the same type size as the body text, it is
formatted in bold or in italics and is followed by text on the same line.
Terminology, Units, and Abbreviations
• Technical terms and abbreviations should be defined the first time they appear in the text.
• Please always use internationally accepted signs and symbols for units—so-called SI units.
• Numerals should follow the British/American method of decimal points to indicate decimals;
commas should be used to separate thousands.
Formal Style and Text Formatting
Manuscripts will be checked by a copy editor for formal style. Springer Nature follows certain
layouts and standards regarding the presentation of the content, and the copy editors make sure
that the manuscript conforms to these styles. When you receive the page proofs during the
production of your book, please do not make changes that involve only matters of style.
Emphasis and Special Type
• Italics should be used for emphasized words or phrases in running text, but do not format
entire paragraphs in italics.
• Use italics for species and genus names, mathematical/physical variables, and prefixes in
chemical compounds.
• Bold formatting should only be used for run-in headings and small capitals for indicating
optical activity (D- and L-dopa).
• Sans serif (e.g., Arial) and nonproportional font (e.g., Courier) can be used to distinguish
the literal text of computer programs from running text.
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
Boxes
• Do not set entire pages as boxes, because this affects online readability.
• For additional didactic elements such as examples, questions, exercises, summaries, or key
messages in textbooks and in professional books, please use a consistent style for each of
these elements and submit a list of the styles used together with your manuscript. For LaTeX
users please use the Springer Nature macro package to highlight these elements.
Equations and Program Code
• In Word, use the Math function, MathType, or Microsoft Equation editor to create your
equations. Please don’t include the equations as images.
• In LaTeX, use the Math environment to create your equations.
Spelling and Punctuation
• Authored books: Either American or British spelling and punctuation are acceptable but
chose one and use it consistently throughout the whole book, except for quoted
material which should be left as it is in the original.
• Edited books: Either American or British spelling and punctuation are acceptable but chose
one and use it consistently within a chapter (i.e., different chapters within the book may use
different spelling) except for quoted material which should be left as it is in the original.
• In works dealing with foreign languages, especially those with alphabets different from
English, it is wise to decide on the spelling or transliteration style of names and words at the
outset and to include your preferences in your list of stylistic decisions.
• Italicize foreign words and phrases—for example, barranca (steep bank)—unless they are
proper nouns or words that are familiar in the American lexicon—for example, Moscow
(Moskva). It is up to you to verify that the spelling of foreign words is correct; this is beyond
the copy editor’s purview.
• Centuries should be written out in full (e.g., eighteenth century). Decades may be written out
or written as numerals (e.g., the seventies or the 1970s), but be consistent with the style that
you choose.
• German books: The new spelling rules will be applied for your book in formal editing.
Cross-References
Please quote the titles or numbers of chapters, sections, or subsection in cross-references instead
of the page numbers, because it is not possible to include links to page numbers in the online
version. Links to chapters, sections, or subsections will be included in the ebook.
Tables
• Give each table a caption. Add a reference citation to the table source at the end of the
caption, if necessary.
• Number tables consecutively using the chapter number (e.g., Table 1.1 for the first table in
Chap. 1) and ensure that all tables are cited in the text in sequential order. Do not write “the
following table”.
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
• Use the table function to create and format tables. Do not use the space bar or multiple tabs
to separate columns and do not use Excel to create tables as this can cause problems when
converting your tables into the typesetting program and other formats.
• Please put the statistically significant mark *** directly after the figure in the same column.
• Please use black single lines only for the distinction of lines and columns. Transparent lines,
double lines and other types of lines will be converted into black single lines during
typesetting.
Tables are published in black and white. Colored cells will be changed to white and colored fonts will
be changed to black. If the color must be retained, the table will have to be treated as an image.
Figures and Illustrations
Numbering
Number the figures chapter-wise using the chapter number (e.g., Fig. 1.1 for the first figure
in Chap.1) and ensure that all figures are cited in the text in sequential order. Do not write
“the following figure”.
Figure Captions
• Give each figure a concise caption, describing accurately what the figure depicts. Include the
captions in the text file, usually close to the citation, not in the figure file.
• Identify all elements found in the figure in the figure caption and use boxes, circles, etc.,
as coordinate points in graphs instead of color lines.
• If a figure is reproduced from a previous publication, include the source as the last item in the
caption.
Figure and Illustration Files
• A figure is an object that is drawn or photographed. It does not consist solely of characters
and thus cannot be keyed.
• Do not submit tabular material as figures.
• Graphics and diagrams should be saved as EPS files with the fonts embedded. Microsoft
Office files (Excel or PowerPoint) can be submitted in the original format (xls, xlsx, ppt, pptx).
Scanned graphics in TIFF format should have a minimum resolution of 1200 dpi.
• Photos or drawings with fine shading should be saved as TIFF with a minimum resolution of
300 dpi.
• Ensure that all the figure lettering is clearly readable–optimum size 8–12 points.
• A combination of halftone and line art (e.g., photos containing line drawings or extensive
lettering, color diagrams, etc.) should be saved as TIFF with a minimum resolution of 600 dpi.
Accessibility
At Springer Nature, we are committed to Accessibility and we want to help you make your research
accessible too. Many factors regarding accessibility are handled by Springer Nature, but we request
you to take some actions as well to help make your research accessible.
Alternative Text When preparing your manuscript, it is recommended that you write alternative texts
(also known as alt texts) for all figures, illustrations and for tables, which you include in an image
format.
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
• Alternative text is a brief and objective description of the content of an
image and/or of the purpose it serves in a digital format. Alt text is
crucial for individuals using screen reader technology, as well as for
those trying to comprehend the content of an image in case it doesn't
load.
• Alt text is not the same as a caption, which typically provides
information that is not already in the visual element itself.
• For more tips on how to write good alt text, please visit the Poet Tool
Requirements for Figures When differentiating elements in charts and graphs, do not just change the
color, also change shapes and patterns, or provide other visual differentiation like direct segment
labels.
How to Include Alternative Texts in the Manuscript Alternative texts should not be included in the
body text to avoid any possibility of confusion with the captions or with the main text. Please include a
separate table per chapter in which you make the assignment of figures and the alternative texts
clear, like in this example.
Chapter name
Graphic
Label/Name
Caption (if available)
Alternative Text
Chapter_1.docx
Figure 1.1
Transliteracy model:
the three information
cultures (Source:
Frau-Meigs, 2013)
A transliteracy model represents the
main components covered under info
media, info data, and info docs. These
are influenced by social and
pedagogical uses within and outside
school.
Chapter_1.docx
Unfig1.eps
--
An error-grouped bar graph plots the
mean total correct versus pre and
post-test and represents 4 languages,
namely, Spanish, French, Romanian,
and Swedish.
Electronic Supplementary Material
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESM) is electronic material that is published online on
SpringerLink. Videos will be included as streamed videos, accessible by a link in the figure caption.
Users of the printed book can watch them with the help of the SN More Media app. Other
electronic files apart from videos will be provided as downloads. Please check with your editor if
ESM is suitable for your publication.
Submission
• Supply all supplementary material in standard file formats.
• Please include the following information in each file: chapter title, book
title, author/editor names; affiliation and e-mail address of the
corresponding author.
• To ensure that your readers can access the material easily, please keep
in mind that large files may require very long download times.
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
Videos
Please provide a still, illustrative image with each video and include it as one of the numbered
figures, placing it in the text at the appropriate position. Please include a short description about
what is shown in the video in the figure caption. Please use distinctive file names to make
assignment of figure(s) and the related video(s) clear.
Video Files
An audio track is required, and video and audio streams must be in the correct order (video before
audio). The minimum video duration is 1 sec. Furthermore, the following requirements must be
fulfilled to ensure streamed video playout in HD in an acceptable quality. Videos which don’t fulfill
the criteria will be moved out of the text body to an appendix at the end of the chapter and provided
as a download.
Settings
Requirements
Video codec
H.264, profile: “High” or at least “Extended”
1920 x 1080 (1080p)
Resolution
At least 480p
1
If no HD is available 1024 x 576 (PAL 16:9) respectively 768 x 576 (PAL 4:3)
Aspect ratio
Standard 16:9 or acceptable 4:3
Video bibrate
5.000 to 10.000 Kbit/s
Audio bibrate
320 Kbit/s, stereo. 44,1 KHz
Sound
AAC
1
For higher resolution files, please consider the maximum size of the whole manuscript including figures and videos must not
exceed 50 GB; cf. p. 14
Supplementary Texts and Presentations
• Submit your material in PDF format; .doc or .ppt files are not suitable for long-term viability.
• A collection of figures may also be combined in a PDF file.
Supplementary Spreadsheets
• Spreadsheets should be converted to PDF if no interaction with the data is intended.
• If the readers should be encouraged to make their own calculations, spreadsheets should be
submitted as .xlsx files (MS Excel).
Specialized Formats
Specialized format such as .pdb (chemical), .wrl (VRML), .nb (Mathematica notebook), and .tex can
also be supplied.
Collecting Multiple Files
It is possible to collect multiple files in a .zip or .gz file.
Numbering
Name the files consecutively, e.g., “ESM_3.mpg”, “ESM_4.pdf”.
Processing of Supplementary Files
Electronic supplementary material will be published as received from the author without any
conversion, editing, or reformatting.
Accessibility
In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your supplementary
files, please make sure, that
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
• the manuscript contains a descriptive caption for each supplementary material
• video files do not contain anything that flashes more than three times per second (so that users
prone to seizures caused by such effects are not put at risk).
Acknowledgments
Acknowledgment of support, or assistance in preparing individual chapters can be included under
Acknowledgments. Researchers using large language model tools (LLM) should document this is the
acknowledgment section.
Competing Interests
Edited works: Please include a declaration with the heading “Competing Interests” at the end of
each chapter before the Reference section. Examples 1–4:
(1) This study was funded by [X] [grant number X].
(2) [Author first name and last name] has a received research grant from [Company X].
(3) [Author first name and last name] has received speaker and consultant honoraria from
[Company X] and [Company Y].
If the authors have no conflict of interests, please write a sentence like:
(4) The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare that are relevant to the content of this
chapter.
Ethical Approval
When including primary studies in a chapter manuscript with human participants, authors must
adhere to the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later
amendments or comparable ethical standards. Please include a section with the heading
Ethics Approval. Sample text: This study was performed in line with the principles of the
Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University B (Date.../No.
...).
In addition, for human participants, authors are required to include a statement that informed
consent (to participate and/or to publish) was obtained from individual participants or
parents/guardians if the participant is minor or incapable.
If animals are studied, authors should make sure that the legal requirements or guidelines in the
country and/or state or province for the care and use of animals have been followed or specify that no
ethics approval was required.
References
As a rule, all the references given in the list of references should be cited in the body of a text (i.e., in
the text proper, any appendix, any footnotes to either of these, figure legends, or tables). Of course,
any reference may be cited more than once. Citation may take one of two forms:
• By name of cited author and year of publication:
o One author: (Miller 1991) or Miller (1991).
o Two authors: (Miller and Smith 1994) or Miller and Smith (1994).
o Three authors or more: (Miller et al. 1995) or Miller et al. (1995).
• By number, whether sequential by order of citation or according to the sequence in an
alphabetized list:
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
o Single citation: [9].
o Multiple citation: [4–6, 9]. The citations should be in numerical order.
o Sequential citation by order of citation: reference 7 cannot be cited before reference 5,
for example.
• Any pages, figures, etc. referred to specifically should be given in the text with the citations,
as in these examples:
o (see p. 43 in [9]) or [9, p. 43].
o (see Fig. 4 in Smith and Jones 1997) or (Smith and Jones 1997, Fig. 4) or Smith and Jones
(1997, Fig. 4).
Only one form of citation is permitted within a publication.
We strongly prefer the use of author/date or numbered citations in the text with a chapter-end
reference list, since this offers more advantages for the reader of the electronic forms of
publication. The Notes and Bibliography system is possible if strongly desired in certain subjects.
In this case, put the citation information in footnotes within the chapters and provide a book-end
bibliography. The reference information appears as text only, without any linking to the book-end
bibliography or structured to capture and register citations with reference-linking organizations.
Reference Lists
• Include a reference list at the end of each chapter so that readers of single chapters of the
eBook can make full use of the citations. References at the end of the book cannot be linked
to citations in the chapters. Please do not include reference lists at the end of a chapter
section, at the end of a book part, in a preface, or in an appendix.
• Include all works that are cited in the chapter and that have been published (including on the
Internet) or accepted for publication. Please add the access date in references to web pages.
Personal communications and unpublished works should be mentioned in the text only.
• Entries in the list must be in alphabetical order except in the numbered system of sequential
citation. The rules for alphabetization are:
o First, all works by the author alone, ordered chronologically by year of publication.
o Next, all works by the author with a coauthor, ordered alphabetically by coauthor.
o Finally, all works by the author with several coauthors, ordered chronologically by year of
publication.
Reference Styles
Springer Nature follows certain standards with regard to the presentation of the reference list.
They are based on reference styles that were established for various disciplines in the past and
have been adjusted to facilitate automated processing and citation linking. This allows us, for
example, to easily cross link the cited references with the original publication. References will be
revised in production in accordance with these house styles.
Choose the appropriate style for your subject from the list below. Please note that the adapted and
standardized forms are based on, but differ slightly from, certain recommended styles (e.g., APA,
Chicago).
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
Springer Nature Style
Discipline Examples
Key Style Points
Basic Style
Based on Harvard style and
recommendations of the Council of
Biology Editors (CBE)
Medicine, Biomedicine, Life
Sciences, Chemistry, Geosciences,
Computer Science, Engineering,
Economics
See the samples in the
Key Style Points
document under
Basic Style
Vancouver Style
Based on the NLM guidelines
Citing Medicine
Medicine, Biomedicine
See the samples in the
Key Style Points
document under
Vancouver Style
MathPhys Style
Mathematics, Physics, Statistics
See the samples in the
Key Style Points
document under
MathPhys Style
Physics Style
Based on the reference list style of
the American Physical Society
(APS)
Physics
See the samples in the
Key Style Points
document under
Physics Style
APA Style
Adapted from the reference list
style that was established by the
American Psychological
Association (APA)
Social Sciences, Psychology
See the samples in the
Key Style Points
document under
APA Style
Humanities Style
Based on the reference list style as
suggested by the Chicago Manual
of Style (15th ed.)
Humanities, Linguistics,
Philosophy
See the samples in the
Key Style Points
document under
Humanities Style
Back Matter
• After the last chapter, the back matter of the book can contain an appendix, a glossary,
and/or an index. Please note that the back matter content in the published book is
freely available on SpringerLink.
• Do not include a reference list containing the cited literature in the back matter, as
references are then not linked to citations in the chapters. Instead, include reference lists at
the end of each chapter. A list of further reading may be included in the back matter.
Appendix
• An appendix cannot include a reference list.
• Include important original content within a chapter, not in the book appendix, as any
appendix in the back matter of a book will appear with unrestricted access in the eBook on
SpringerLink.
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
Glossary
• A glossary may be included. Terms in the glossary are arranged alphabetically, each on a
separate line and followed by its definition.
• A glossary always consists of terms and their explanation, whereas a list of abbreviations
only contains the abbreviations and their written out forms without any further explanation.
Index
• Please check with your editor if an index is desired. If an index is required, please be sure to
provide index terms in the final manuscript.
• If yes, it is highly recommended to use the indexing function in Word to identify index
terms (or the index command if you use LaTeX).
• On average this should be about one or two index entry terms per manuscript page.
• Alternatively, please highlight all instances of the word you would like to see indexed in
the source files.
• Please note that only one source file should be sent per book. Do not send a separate version
marked up with the index terms.
Final Check and Submission
• All content is final upon submission. Once your manuscript has been submitted, you should
not send any further files without prior discussion and approval from your Editorial or
Production contact. Sending unsolicited files (i. e. files that have not been requested by us)
lead to delays in your book being published. Any unsolicited files sent after the initial
submission may not be accepted for publication.
• Ensure that the files are complete (no missing information or chapters still to come) and that
the agreed-upon length is accurate.
• Check the table of contents for the correct sequence of part, chapter, and heading
numbering, and update the chapter titles and subheadings if necessary.
• Save each chapter or contribution, including the accompanying references, figure legends, and
tables, in a separate file in the original source file format, and give each file the author’s name
and the chapter number (e.g., Myers-Chap 1).
• Save the original figure files separately, and name them with the author's surname, the
chapter, and figure number (e.g., Myers-Fig 1.1).
• Ensure all that permissions have been obtained for any material in the manuscript, which is not
your original work, or (in most cases) is your own work but which you have previously published.
• For contributed volumes, ensure that all signed Licence to Publish forms are enclosed in a
separate folder. A special Licence to Publish form for Commissioned Content for all chapters is
also required for the foreword of both authored and edited works.
• The following details are considered as final in the submitted files. In principle we don't accept
changes during production or in the proof stage.
- Authorship and order of authorship (chapter level)
- corresponding author
- consistency of spelling of names in the book. It should be the same all throughout including in
the front matter (listing/bios if available) and at the chapter level.
• Submit one folder/zip archive containing all source files of the final version of the manuscript
(Word or LaTeX files with all the associated style files.) Graphics and diagrams should be saved
as EPS files with the fonts embedded. Microsoft Office files (Excel or PowerPoint) can be
submitted in the original format (xls, xlsx, ppt, pptx).
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
• Please submit a second folder/zip archive containing the PDF file(s) of the final version with
all fonts embedded that can be used as a reference. For edited works p#lease submit a PDF
file for each chapter. Please check the PDF to ensure that text and figures appear correctly
before uploading the file. This is especially important if text or figures contain special
characters or fonts.
• Please include both folders in one zip archive. The accepted maximum size of your zipped
manuscript including all files is 50 GB.
• Submit your manuscript directly using our online book Manuscript Submission Portal, see
Book Publication Journey. Please contact your publishing editor for your access details.
•
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
Manuscript Submission Checklist
Title page
Title (and subtitle) final
Authors/Editors
All author/editor names included
E-mail address of corresponding author included.
The standard procedure is for private e-mail addresses to be used
for communication but not published. Professional e-mail
addresses will be published. If you do not wish this, please
indicate clearly if your private e-mail address should be published
or if your professional e-mail address should not be published.
Front matter
Complete with the following elements:
Dedication
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
(Declaration of) Competing Interests
Ethics Approval (if applicable)
Table of contents (required)
List of contributors
List of abbreviations
Table of contents
Monographs: first 2 levels of headings appearing in chapters are included
Contributed books: chapter titles and author names included
Headings correspond to those in the text
Book structure
Number of parts: Number of chapters:
All chapters numbered sequentially throughout the book (or not
numbered at all)
Chapter sequence and numbering final
Abstract
Included for each chapter
Chapter Keywords
(if applicable)
Included for each chapter
Text
Heading levels and special text elements consistently styled
No heading levels skipped
References
Reference lists included at the end of each chapter
Citations in text agree with reference list
Figures
All figures are included in the source file (Word or LaTeX) and
appear correctly in the pdf, additionally all figures are available as
separate files.
Consecutively numbered within chapter
Consecutively cited in text
Figure captions included in the text file
Tables
Prepared with the table function
Consecutively numbered within chapter
Consecutively cited in text
Permissions
Obtained for all material which is your own work but which you have
previously published and for all material which is not your original work,
unless they can be used without permission under a copyright exception.
Competing Interests
Information regarding sources of funding and potential competing
interest (financial or non-financial) has been inserted in a Competing
Interests section after the Preface (for the book in an authored work) or at
the end of each chapter (in an edited work).
Ethics Approval (if
applicable)
Information confirming informed consent if reporting research involving
human participants or and a statement on welfare of animals if the
research conducted involved animals has been inserted in an Ethics
Approval section after the Preface (for the book in an authored work) or
at the end of the related chapter (in an edited work).
Index (if applicable)
Included index terms if index is desired
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Manuscript Guidelines | April 2024
Electronic
manuscript
One file folder/zip archive labeled with book title and author name
- Each chapter saved as a separate file in the Word or Tex format
- Graphics saved as separate files in tif, eps, xls, xlsx, ppt, pptx format
A second folder/zip archive containing the PDF file(s) with all fonts
embedded
Electronic
Supplementary
Material
Videos or other electronic files which should be attached to a chapter are
named clearly and are relatable to the corresponding chapter.
Contributed books
E-mail address and affiliation of the corresponding author of each
chapter and e-mail addresses of all co-authors for free access to the
e-book after publication.
The standard procedure is for private e-mail addresses to be used for
communication but not published. Professional e-mail addresses will
be published.
If you do not wish this, please indicate clearly if your private e-mail
address should be published or if your professional e-mail address
should not be published.
Licence to publish
Licence to publish form obtained for each chapter, also for the
Foreword
