HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
These highlights do not include all the information needed to use
RECLAST safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for
RECLAST.
RECLAST
®
(zoledronic acid) Injection
Initial U.S. Approval: 2001
-------------------------------INDICATIONS AND USAGE------------------------
Reclast is a bisphosphonate indicated for:
Treatment and prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis (1.1, 1.2)
Treatment to increase bone mass in men with osteoporosis (1.3)
Treatment and prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (1.4)
Treatment of Paget’s disease of bone in men and women (1.5)
Limitations of Use
Optimal duration of use has not been determined. For patients at low-risk for
fracture, consider drug discontinuation after 3 to 5 years of use (1.6)
----------------------------DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION------------------
Infusion given intravenously over no less than 15 minutes:
Treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis (2.2); treatment to increase
bone mass in men with osteoporosis (2.4): treatment and prevention of
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (2.5): 5 mg once a year
Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis: 5 mg once every 2 years (2.3)
Treatment of Paget’s disease of bone: a single 5 mg infusion. Patients
should receive 1500 mg elemental calcium and 800 international units
vitamin D daily (2.6)
--------------------------DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS-----------------
5 mg in a 100 mL ready-to-infuse solution (3)
------------------------------------CONTRAINDICATIONS-------------------------
Hypocalcemia (4)
Patients with creatinine clearance less than 35 mL/min and in those with
evidence of acute renal impairment (4, 5.3)
Hypersensitivity to any component of Reclast (4, 6.2)
---------------------------WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS--------------------
Products Containing Same Active Ingredient: Patients receiving Zometa
should not receive Reclast (5.1)
Hypocalcemia may worsen during treatment. Patients must be adequately
supplemented with calcium and vitamin D (5.2)
Renal Impairment: A single dose should not exceed 5 mg and the duration
of infusion should be no less than 15 minutes. Renal toxicity may be
greater in patients with underlying renal impairment or with other risk
factors, including advanced age or dehydration. Monitor creatinine
clearance before each dose (2.7, 5.3)
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (ONJ) has been reported. All patients should
have a routine oral exam by the prescriber prior to treatment (5.4)
Atypical Femur Fractures have been reported. Patients with thigh or groin
pain should be evaluated to rule out a femoral fracture (5.5)
Severe Bone, Joint, and Muscle Pain may occur. Withhold future doses of
Reclast if severe symptoms occur (5.6)
------------------------------------ADVERSE REACTIONS-------------------------
The most common adverse reactions (greater than 10%) were pyrexia,
myalgia, headache, arthralgia, pain in extremity (6.1). Other important adverse
reactions were flu-like illness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea (6.2), and eye
inflammation (6.1).
To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Novartis
Pharmaceuticals Corporation at 1-888-669-6682 or FDA at
1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.
-------------------------------------DRUG INTERACTIONS------------------------
Aminoglycosides: May lower serum calcium for prolonged periods (7.1)
Loop Diuretics: May increase risk of hypocalcemia (7.2)
Nephrotoxic Drugs: Use with caution (7.3)
Drugs Primarily Excreted by the Kidney: Exposure may be increased with
renal impairment. Monitor serum creatinine in patients at risk (7.4)
----------------------------USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS-------------------
Pregnancy: Discontinue when pregnancy is recognized (8.1)
Pediatric Use: Not indicated for use in pediatric patients (8.4)
Geriatric Use: Special care to monitor renal function (8.5)
See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION and Medication
Guide.
Revised: 4/2020
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION: CONTENTS*
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
1.1 Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
1.2 Prevention of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
1.3 Osteoporosis in Men
1.4 Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
1.5 Paget's Disease of Bone
1.6 Important Limitations of Use
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Important Administration Instructions
2.2 Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
2.3 Prevention of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
2.4 Osteoporosis in Men
2.5 Treatment and Prevention of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
2.6 Treatment of Paget’s Disease of Bone
2.7 Laboratory Testing and Oral Examination Prior to Administration
2.8 Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation
2.9 Method of Administration
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Drug Products With Same Active Ingredient
5.2 Hypocalcemia and Mineral Metabolism
5.3 Renal Impairment
5.4 Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
5.5 Atypical Subtrochanteric and Diaphyseal Femoral Fractures
5.6 Musculoskeletal Pain
5.7 Patients With Asthma
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
6.2 Post-Marketing Experience
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
7.1 Aminoglycosides
7.2 Loop Diuretics
7.3 Nephrotoxic Drugs
7.4 Drugs Primarily Excreted by the Kidney
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
8.2 Lactation
8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential
8.4 Pediatric Use
8.5 Geriatric Use
8.6 Renal Impairment
8.7 Hepatic Impairment
10 OVERDOSAGE
11 DESCRIPTION
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
13.2 Animal Pharmacology
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
14.1 Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
14.2 Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
14.3 Osteoporosis in Men
14.4 Treatment and Prevention of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
14.5 Treatment of Paget’s Disease of Bone
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
* Sections or subsections omitted from the full prescribing information are not
listed
FULL PRESCRIBING INFORMATION
1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE
1.1 Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
Reclast is indicated for treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women with osteoporosis,
diagnosed by bone mineral density (BMD) or prevalent vertebral fracture, Reclast reduces the incidence of fractures (hip,
vertebral, and non-vertebral osteoporosis-related fractures). In patients at high risk of fracture, defined as a recent low-
trauma hip fracture, Reclast reduces the incidence of new clinical fractures [see Clinical Studies (14.1)].
1.2 Prevention of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
Reclast is indicated for prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women [see Clinical Studies (14.2)].
1.3 Osteoporosis in Men
Reclast is indicated for treatment to increase bone mass in men with osteoporosis [see Clinical Studies (14.3)].
1.4 Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
Reclast is indicated for the treatment and prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in men and women who are
either initiating or continuing systemic glucocorticoids in a daily dosage equivalent to 7.5 mg or greater of prednisone and
who are expected to remain on glucocorticoids for at least 12 months [see Clinical Studies (14.4)].
1.5 Paget's Disease of Bone
Reclast is indicated for treatment of Paget's disease of bone in men and women. Treatment is indicated in patients with
Paget’s disease of bone with elevations in serum alkaline phosphatase of two times or higher than the upper limit of the
age-specific normal reference range, or those who are symptomatic, or those at risk for complications from their disease
[see Clinical Studies (14.5)].
1.6 Important Limitations of Use
The safety and effectiveness of Reclast for the treatment of osteoporosis is based on clinical data of three years duration.
The optimal duration of use has not been determined. All patients on bisphosphonate therapy should have the need for
continued therapy reevaluated on a periodic basis. Patients at low-risk for fracture should be considered for drug
discontinuation after 3 to 5 years of use. Patients who discontinue therapy should have their risk for fracture reevaluated
periodically.
2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
2.1 Important Administration Instructions
Reclast injection must be administered as an intravenous infusion over no less than 15 minutes.
Patients must be appropriately hydrated prior to administration of Reclast [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration,
whenever solution and container permit.
Intravenous infusion should be followed by a 10 mL normal saline flush of the intravenous line.
Administration of acetaminophen following Reclast administration may reduce the incidence of acute-phase reaction
symptoms.
2.2 Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
The recommended regimen is a 5 mg infusion once a year given intravenously over no less than 15 minutes.
2.3 Prevention of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
The recommended regimen is a 5 mg infusion given once every 2 years intravenously over no less than 15 minutes.
2.4 Osteoporosis in Men
The recommended regimen is a 5 mg infusion once a year given intravenously over no less than 15 minutes.
2.5 Treatment and Prevention of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
The recommended regimen is a 5 mg infusion once a year given intravenously over no less than 15 minutes.
2.6 Treatment of Paget’s Disease of Bone
The recommended dose is a 5 mg infusion. The infusion time must not be less than 15 minutes given over a constant
infusion rate.
Re-treatment of Paget’s Disease
After a single treatment with Reclast in Paget’s disease an extended remission period is observed. Specific re-treatment
data are not available. However, re-treatment with Reclast may be considered in patients who have relapsed, based on
increases in serum alkaline phosphatase, or in those patients who failed to achieve normalization of their serum alkaline
phosphatase, or in those patients with symptoms, as dictated by medical practice.
2.7 Laboratory Testing and Oral Examination Prior to Administration
Prior to administration of each dose of Reclast, obtain a serum creatinine and creatinine clearance should be
calculated based on actual body weight using Cockcroft-Gault formula before each Reclast dose. Reclast is
contraindicated in patients with creatinine clearance less than 35 mL/min and in those with evidence of acute renal
impairment. A 5 mg dose of Reclast administered intravenously is recommended for patients with creatinine clearance
greater than or equal to 35 mL/min. There are no safety or efficacy data to support the adjustment of the Reclast dose
based on baseline renal function. Therefore, no dose adjustment is required in patients with creatinine clearance greater
than or equal to 35 mL/min [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
A routine oral examination should be performed by the prescriber prior to initiation of Reclast treatment [see
Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
2.8 Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation
Instruct patients being treated for Paget’s disease of bone on the importance of calcium and vitamin D
supplementation in maintaining serum calcium levels, and on the symptoms of hypocalcemia. All patients should take
1500 mg elemental calcium daily in divided doses (750 mg two times a day, or 500 mg three times a day) and 800
international units vitamin D daily, particularly in the 2 weeks following Reclast administration [see Warnings and
Precautions (5.2)].
Instruct patients being treated for osteoporosis to take supplemental calcium and vitamin D if their dietary intake is
inadequate. An average of at least 1200 mg calcium and 800-1000 international units vitamin D daily is recommended.
2.9 Method of Administration
The Reclast infusion time must not be less than 15 minutes given over a constant infusion rate.
The intravenous infusion should be followed by a 10 mL normal saline flush of the intravenous line.
Reclast solution for infusion must not be allowed to come in contact with any calcium or other divalent cation-containing
solutions, and should be administered as a single intravenous solution through a separate vented infusion line.
If refrigerated, allow the refrigerated solution to reach room temperature before administration. After opening, the
solution is stable for 24 hours at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F) [see How Supplied/Storage and Handling (16)].
3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS
5 mg in a 100 mL ready to infuse solution.
4 CONTRAINDICATIONS
Reclast is contraindicated in patients with the following conditions:
Hypocalcemia [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
Creatinine clearance less than 35 mL/min and in those with evidence of acute renal impairment due to an increased
risk of renal failure [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Known hypersensitivity to zoledronic acid or any components of Reclast. Hypersensitivity reactions, including
urticaria, angioedema, and anaphylactic reaction/shock have been reported [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
5.1 Drug Products With Same Active Ingredient
Reclast contains the same active ingredient found in Zometa, used for oncology indications, and a patient being treated
with Zometa should not be treated with Reclast.
5.2 Hypocalcemia and Mineral Metabolism
Preexisting hypocalcemia and disturbances of mineral metabolism (e.g., hypoparathyroidism, thyroid surgery, parathyroid
surgery; malabsorption syndromes, excision of small intestine) must be effectively treated before initiating therapy with
Reclast. Clinical monitoring of calcium and mineral levels (phosphorus and magnesium) is highly recommended for these
patients [see Contraindications (4)].
Hypocalcemia following Reclast administration is a significant risk in Paget’s disease. All patients should be instructed
about the symptoms of hypocalcemia and the importance of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in maintaining serum
calcium levels [see Dosage and Administration (2.8), Adverse Reactions (6.1), Patient Counseling Information (17)].
All osteoporosis patients should be instructed on the importance of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in maintaining
serum calcium levels [see Dosage and Administration (2.8), Adverse Reactions (6.1), Patient Counseling Information
(17)].
5.3 Renal Impairment
A single dose of Reclast should not exceed 5 mg and the duration of infusion should be no less than 15 minutes [see
Dosage and Administration (2)].
Reclast is contraindicated in patients with creatinine clearance less than 35 mL/min and in those with evidence of acute
renal impairment [see Contraindications (4)]. If history or physical signs suggest dehydration, Reclast therapy should be
withheld until normovolemic status has been achieved [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
Reclast should be used with caution in patients with chronic renal impairment. Acute renal impairment, including renal
failure, has been observed following the administration of zoledronic acid, especially in patients with preexisting renal
compromise, advanced age, concomitant nephrotoxic medications, concomitant diuretic therapy, or severe dehydration
occurring before or after Reclast administration. Acute renal failure (ARF) has been observed in patients after a single
administration. Rare reports of hospitalization and/or dialysis or fatal outcome occurred in patients with underlying
moderate to severe renal impairment or with any of the risk factors described in this section [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
Renal impairment may lead to increased exposure of concomitant medications and/or their metabolites that are primarily
renally excreted [see Drug Interactions (7.4)].
Creatinine clearance should be calculated based on actual body weight using Cockcroft-Gault formula before each Reclast
dose. Transient increase in serum creatinine may be greater in patients with impaired renal function; interim monitoring of
creatinine clearance should be performed in at-risk patients. Elderly patients and those receiving diuretic therapy are at
increased risk of acute renal failure. These patients should have their fluid status assessed and be appropriately hydrated
prior to administration of Reclast. Reclast should be used with caution with other nephrotoxic drugs [see Drug
Interactions (7.3)]. Consider monitoring creatinine clearance in patients at-risk for ARF who are taking concomitant
medications that are primarily excreted by the kidney [see Drug Interactions (7.4)].
5.4 Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) has been reported in patients treated with bisphosphonates, including zoledronic acid.
Most cases have been in cancer patients treated with intravenous bisphosphonates undergoing dental procedures. Some
cases have occurred in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis treated with either oral or intravenous bisphosphonates.
A routine oral examination should be performed by the prescriber prior to initiation of bisphosphonate treatment. A dental
examination with appropriate preventive dentistry should be considered prior to treatment with bisphosphonates in
patients with a history of concomitant risk factors (e.g., cancer, chemotherapy, angiogenesis inhibitors, radiotherapy,
corticosteroids, poor oral hygiene, preexisting dental disease or infection, anemia, coagulopathy). The risk of ONJ may
increase with duration of exposure to bisphosphonates. Concomitant administration of drugs associated with ONJ may
increase the risk of developing ONJ.
While on treatment, patients with concomitant risk factors should avoid invasive dental procedures if possible. For
patients who develop ONJ while on bisphosphonate therapy, dental surgery may exacerbate the condition. For patients
requiring dental procedures, there are no data available to suggest whether discontinuation of bisphosphonate treatment
reduces the risk of ONJ. The clinical judgment of the treating physician should guide the management plan of each patient
based on individual benefit/risk assessment [see Adverse Reactions (6.1)].
5.5 Atypical Subtrochanteric and Diaphyseal Femoral Fractures
Atypical, low-energy, or low trauma fractures of the femoral shaft have been reported in bisphosphonate-treated patients.
These fractures can occur anywhere in the femoral shaft from just below the lesser trochanter to above the supracondylar
flare and are transverse or short oblique in orientation without evidence of comminution. Causality has not been
established as these fractures also occur in osteoporotic patients who have not been treated with bisphosphonates.
Atypical femur fractures most commonly occur with minimal or no trauma to the affected area. They may be bilateral and
many patients report prodromal pain in the affected area, usually presenting as dull, aching thigh pain, weeks to months
before a complete fracture occurs. A number of reports note that patients were also receiving treatment with
glucocorticoids (e.g., prednisone) at the time of fracture.
Any patient with a history of bisphosphonate exposure who presents with thigh or groin pain should be suspected of
having an atypical fracture and should be evaluated to rule out an incomplete femur fracture. Patients presenting with an
atypical femur fracture should also be assessed for symptoms and signs of fracture in the contralateral limb. Interruption
of bisphosphonate therapy should be considered, pending a risk/benefit assessment, on an individual basis.
5.6 Musculoskeletal Pain
In post-marketing experience, severe and occasionally incapacitating bone, joint, and/or muscle pain have been
infrequently reported in patients taking bisphosphonates, including Reclast. The time to onset of symptoms varied from
one day to several months after starting the drug. Consider withholding future Reclast treatment if severe symptoms
develop. Most patients had relief of symptoms after stopping. A subset had recurrence of symptoms when rechallenged
with the same drug or another bisphosphonate [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
5.7 Patients With Asthma
While not observed in clinical trials with Reclast, there have been reports of bronchoconstriction in aspirin-sensitive
patients receiving bisphosphonates. Use Reclast with caution in aspirin-sensitive patients.
6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials
of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed
in practice.
Treatment of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
The safety of Reclast in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis was assessed in Study 1, a large, randomized,
double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational study of 7736 postmenopausal women aged 65 to 89 years with
osteoporosis, diagnosed by BMD or the presence of a prevalent vertebral fracture. The duration of the trial was three years
with 3862 patients exposed to Reclast and 3852 patients exposed to placebo administered once annually as a single 5 mg
dose in 100 mL solution infused over at least 15 minutes, for a total of three doses. All women received 1000 to 1500 mg
of elemental calcium plus 400 to 1200 international units of vitamin D supplementation per day.
The incidence of all-cause mortality was similar between groups: 3.4% in the Reclast group and 2.9% in the placebo
group. The incidence of serious adverse events was 29.2% in the Reclast group and 30.1% in the placebo group. The
percentage of patients who withdrew from the study due to adverse events was 5.4% and 4.8% for the Reclast and placebo
groups, respectively.
The safety of Reclast in the treatment of osteoporosis patients with a recent (within 90 days) low-trauma hip fracture was
assessed in Study 2, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational endpoint-driven study of 2127 men
and women aged 50 to 95 years; 1065 patients were randomized to Reclast and 1062 patients were randomized to placebo.
Reclast was administered once annually as a single 5 mg dose in 100 mL solution infused over at least 15 minutes. The
study continued until at least 211 patients had a confirmed clinical fracture in the study population who were followed for
an average of approximately 2 years on study drug. Vitamin D levels were not routinely measured but a loading dose of
vitamin D (50,000 to 125,000 international units orally or IM) was given to patients and they were started on 1000 to 1500
mg of elemental calcium plus 800 to 1200 international units of vitamin D supplementation per day for at least 14 days
prior to the study drug infusions.
The incidence of all-cause mortality was 9.6% in the Reclast group and 13.3% in the placebo group. The incidence of
serious adverse events was 38.3% in the Reclast group and 41.3% in the placebo group. The percentage of patients who
withdrew from the study due to adverse events was 5.3% and 4.7% for the Reclast and placebo groups, respectively.
Adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients with osteoporosis and more frequently in the Reclast-treated patients
than placebo-treated patients in either osteoporosis trial are shown below in Table 1.
Table 1. Adverse Reactions Occurring in Greater Than or Equal to 2.0% of Patients with Osteoporosis and More
Frequently Than in Placebo-Treated Patients
Study 1 Study 2
System Organ Class
5 mg IV
Reclast
once per year
%
(N = 3862)
Placebo
once per year
%
(N = 3852)
5 mg IV
Reclast
once per year
%
(N = 1054)
Placebo
once per year
%
(N = 1057)
Blood and the Lymphatic System Disorders
Anemia 4.4 3.6 5.3 5.2
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders
Dehydration 0.6 0.6 2.5 2.3
Anorexia 2.0 1.1 1.0 1.0
Nervous System Disorders
Headache 12.4 8.1 3.9 2.5
Dizziness 7.6 6.7 2.0 4.0
Ear and Labyrinth Disorders
Vertigo 4.3 4.0 1.3 1.7
Cardiac Disorders
Atrial fibrillation 2.4 1.9 2.8 2.6
Vascular Disorders
Hypertension 12.7 12.4 6.8 5.4
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Nausea 8.5 5.2 4.5 4.5
Diarrhea 6.0 5.6 5.2 4.7
Vomiting 4.6 3.2 3.4 3.4
Abdominal pain upper 4.6 3.1 0.9 1.5
Dyspepsia 4.3 4.0 1.7 1.6
Musculoskeletal, Connective Tissue and Bone Disorders
Arthralgia 23.8 20.4 17.9 18.3
Myalgia 11.7 3.7 4.9 2.7
Pain in extremity 11.3 9.9 5.9 4.8
Shoulder pain 6.9 5.6 0.0 0.0
Bone pain 5.8 2.3 3.2 1.0
Neck pain 4.4 3.8 1.4 1.1
Muscle spasms 3.7 3.4 1.5 1.7
Osteoarthritis 9.1 9.7 5.7 4.5
Musculoskeletal pain 0.4 0.3 3.1 1.2
General Disorders and Administrative-Site Conditions
Pyrexia 17.9 4.6 8.7 3.1
Influenza-like illness 8.8 2.7 0.8 0.4
Fatigue 5.4 3.5 2.1 1.2
Chills 5.4 1.0 1.5 0.5
Asthenia 5.3 2.9 3.2 3.0
Peripheral edema 4.6 4.2 5.5 5.3
Pain 3.3 1.3 1.5 0.5
Malaise 2.0 1.0 1.1 0.5
Hyperthermia 0.3 < 0.1 2.3 0.3
Chest Pain 1.3 1.1 2.4 1.8
Investigations
Creatinine renal clearance decreased 2.0 2.4 2.1 1.7
Abbreviation: IV, intravenous or intravenously.
Renal Impairment
Treatment with intravenous bisphosphonates, including zoledronic acid, has been associated with renal impairment
manifested as deterioration in renal function (i.e., increased serum creatinine) and in rare cases, acute renal failure. In the
clinical trial for postmenopausal osteoporosis, patients with baseline creatinine clearance less than 30 mL/min (based on
actual body weight), urine dipstick greater than or equal to 2+ protein or increase in serum creatinine of greater than 0.5
mg/dL during the screening visits were excluded. The change in creatinine clearance (measured annually prior to dosing)
and the incidence of renal failure and impairment was comparable for both the Reclast and placebo treatment groups over
3 years, including patients with creatinine clearance between 30-60 mL/min at baseline. Overall, there was a transient
increase in serum creatinine observed within 10 days of dosing in 1.8% of Reclast-treated patients versus 0.8% of
placebo-treated patients which resolved without specific therapy [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Acute Phase Reaction
The signs and symptoms of acute phase reaction occurred in Study 1 following Reclast infusion, including fever (18%),
myalgia (9%), flu-like symptoms (8%), headache (7%), and arthralgia (7%). The majority of these symptoms occurred
within the first 3 days following the dose of Reclast and usually resolved within 3 days of onset but resolution could take
up to 7-14 days. In Study 2, patients without a contraindication to acetaminophen were provided with a standard oral dose
at the time of the IV infusion and instructed to use additional acetaminophen at home for the next 72 hours as needed.
Reclast was associated with fewer signs and symptoms of a transient acute phase reaction in this trial: fever (7%) and
arthralgia (3%). The incidence of these symptoms decreased with subsequent doses of Reclast.
Laboratory Findings
In Study 1, in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis, approximately 0.2% of patients had notable declines of serum
calcium levels (less than 7.5 mg/dL) following Reclast administration. No symptomatic cases of hypocalcemia were
observed. In Study 2, following pre-treatment with vitamin D, no patients had treatment emergent serum calcium levels
below 7.5 mg/dL.
Injection-Site Reactions
In the osteoporosis trials, local reactions at the infusion site, such as itching, redness and/or pain have been reported in 0%
to 0.7% of patients following the administration of Reclast and 0% to 0.5% of patients following administration of
placebo.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
In the postmenopausal osteoporosis trial, Study 1, in 7736 patients, after initiation of therapy, symptoms consistent with
ONJ occurred in one patient treated with placebo and one patient treated with Reclast. Both cases resolved after
appropriate treatment [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)]. No reports of ONJ were reported in either treatment group in
Study 2.
Atrial Fibrillation
In the postmenopausal osteoporosis trial, Study 1, adjudicated serious adverse events of atrial fibrillation in the zoledronic
acid treatment group occurred in 1.3% of patients (50 out of 3862) compared to 0.4% (17 out of 3852) in the placebo
group. The overall incidence of all atrial fibrillation adverse events in the zoledronic acid treatment group was reported in
2.5% of patients (96 out of 3862) in the Reclast group vs. 1.9% of patients (75 out of 3852) in the placebo group. Over
90% of these events in both treatment groups occurred more than a month after the infusion. In an ECG sub-study, ECG
measurements were performed on a subset of 559 patients before and 9 to 11 days after treatment. There was no
difference in the incidence of atrial fibrillation between treatment groups suggesting these events were not related to the
acute infusions. In Study 2, adjudicated serious adverse events of atrial fibrillation in the zoledronic acid treatment group
occurred in 1.0% of patients (11 out of 1054) compared to 1.2% (13 out of 1057) in the placebo group demonstrating no
difference between treatment groups.
Ocular Adverse Events
Cases of iritis/uveitis/episcleritis/conjunctivitis have been reported in patients treated with bisphosphonates, including
zoledronic acid. In the osteoporosis trials, 1 (less than 0.1%) to 9 (0.2%) patients treated with Reclast and 0 (0%) to 1 (less
than 0.1%) patient treated with placebo developed iritis/uveitis/episcleritis.
Prevention of Osteoporosis in Postmenopausal Women
The safety of Reclast in postmenopausal women with osteopenia (low bone mass) was assessed in a 2-year randomized,
multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 581 postmenopausal women aged greater than or equal to 45 years.
Patients were randomized to one of three treatment groups: (1) Reclast given at randomization and Month 12 (n = 198);
(2) Reclast given at randomization and placebo at Month 12 (n = 181); and (3) placebo given at randomization and Month
12 (n = 202). Reclast was administered as a single 5 mg dose in 100 mL solution infused over at least 15 minutes. All
women received 500 to 1200 mg elemental calcium plus 400 to 800 international units vitamin D supplementation per day.
The incidence of serious adverse events was similar for subjects given (1) Reclast at randomization and at Month 12
(10.6%), (2) Reclast at randomization and placebo given at Month 12 (9.4%), and (3) placebo at randomization and at
Month 12 (11.4%). The percentages of patients who withdrew from the study due to adverse events were 7.1%, 7.2%, and
3.0% in the two Reclast groups and placebo group, respectively. Adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients with
osteopenia and more frequently in the Reclast-treated patients than placebo-treated patients are shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Adverse Reactions Occurring in Greater Than or Equal to 2% of Patients with Osteopenia and More
Frequently Than in Placebo-Treated Patients
System Organ Class
5 mg IV Reclast
once per year
%
(n = 198)
5 mg IV Reclast
once
%
(n = 181)
Placebo
once per year
%
(n = 202)
Metabolism and nutrition Disorders
Anorexia 2.0 0.6 0.0
Nervous system Disorders
Headache 14.6 20.4 11.4
Dizziness 7.6 6.1 3.5
Hypoesthesia 5.6 2.2 2.0
Ear and Labyrinth Disorders
Vertigo 2.0 1.7 1.0
Vascular Disorders
Hypertension 5.1 8.3 6.9
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Nausea 17.7 11.6 7.9
Diarrhea 8.1 6.6 7.9
Vomiting 7.6 5.0 4.5
Dyspepsia 7.1 6.6 5.0
Abdominal pain* 8.6 6.6 7.9
Constipation 6.6 7.2 6.9
Abdominal discomfort 2.0 1.1 0.5
Abdominal distension 2.0 0.6 0.0
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders
Rash 3.0 2.2 2.5
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue
Disorders
Arthralgia 27.3 18.8 19.3
Myalgia 19.2 22.7 6.9
Back pain 18.2 16.6 11.9
Pain in extremity 11.1 16.0 9.9
Muscle spasms 5.6 2.8 5.0
Musculoskeletal pain** 8.1 7.2 7.9
Bone pain 5.1 3.3 1.0
Neck pain 5.1 6.6 5.0
Arthritis 4.0 2.2 1.5
Joint stiffness 3.5 1.1 2.0
Joint swelling 3.0 0.6 0.0
Flank pain 2.0 0.6 0.0
Pain in jaw 2.0 3.9 2.5
General Disorders and Administration-Site
Conditions
Pain 24.2 14.9 3.5
Pyrexia 21.7 21.0 4.5
Chills 18.2 18.2 3.0
Fatigue 14.6 9.9 4.0
Asthenia 6.1 2.8 1.0
Peripheral edema 5.6 3.9 3.5
Non-cardiac chest pain 3.5 7.7 3.0
Influenza-like illness 1.5 3.3 2.0
Malaise 1.0 2.2 0.5
Abbreviation: IV, intravenous or intravenously.
*Combined abdominal pain, abdominal pain upper, and abdominal pain lower as one Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR).
**Combined musculoskeletal pain and musculoskeletal chest pain as one ADR.
Ocular Adverse Events
Cases of iritis/uveitis/episcleritis/conjunctivitis have been reported in patients treated with bisphosphonates, including
zoledronic acid. In the osteoporosis prevention trial, 4 (1.1%) patients treated with Reclast and 0 (0%) patients treated
with placebo developed iritis/uveitis.
Acute Phase Reaction
In patients given Reclast at randomization and placebo at Month 12, Reclast was associated with signs and symptoms of
an acute phase reaction: myalgia (20.4%), fever (19.3%), chills (18.2%), pain (13.8%), headache (13.3%), fatigue (8.3%),
arthralgia (6.1%), pain in extremity (3.9%), influenza-like illness (3.3%), and back pain (1.7%), which occurred within the
first 3 days following the dose of Reclast. The majority of these symptoms were mild to moderate and resolved within 3
days of the event onset but resolution could take up to 7-14 days.
Osteoporosis in Men
The safety of Reclast in men with osteoporosis or osteoporosis secondary to hypogonadism was assessed in a two year
randomized, multicenter, double-blind, active controlled group study of 302 men aged 25 to 86 years. One hundred fifty
three (153) patients were exposed to Reclast administered once annually with a 5 mg dose in 100 mL infused over 15
minutes for up to a total of two doses, and 148 patients were exposed to a commercially-available oral weekly
bisphosphonate (active control) for up to two years. All participants received 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus 800 to
1000 international units of vitamin D supplementation per day.
The incidence of all-cause mortality (one in each group) and serious adverse events were similar between the Reclast and
active control treatment groups. The percentage of patients experiencing at least one adverse event was comparable
between the Reclast and active control groups, with the exception of a higher incidence of post-dose symptoms in the
Reclast group that occurred within 3 days after infusion. The overall safety and tolerability of Reclast was similar to the
active control.
Adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of men with osteoporosis and more frequently in the Reclast-treated patients
than the active control-treated patients and either (1) not reported in the postmenopausal osteoporosis treatment trial or (2)
reported more frequently in the trial of osteoporosis in men are presented in Table 3. Therefore, Table 3 should be viewed
in conjunction with Table 1.
Table 3: Adverse Reactions Occurring in Greater Than or Equal to 2% of Men with Osteoporosis and More
Frequently in the Reclast-Treated Patients Than the Active Control-Treated Patients and Either (1) Not Reported
in the Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Treatment Trial or (2) Reported More Frequently in This Trial
System Organ Class
5 mg IV Reclast
once per year
%
(N = 153)
Active Control
once weekly
%
(N = 148)
Nervous System Disorders
Headache 15.0 6.1
Lethargy 3.3 1.4
Eye Disorders
Eye pain 2.0 0.0
Cardiac Disorders
Atrial fibrillation 3.3 2.0
Palpitations 2.6 0.0
Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders
Dyspnea 6.5 4.7
Abdominal pain* 7.9 4.1
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders
Hyperhidrosis 2.6 2.0
Musculoskeletal, Connective Tissue and Bone
Disorders
Myalgia 19.6 6.8
Musculoskeletal pain** 12.4 10.8
Musculoskeletal stiffness 4.6 0.0
Renal and Urinary Disorders
Blood creatinine increased 2.0 0.7
General Disorders and Administrative-Site
Conditions
Fatigue 17.6 6.1
Pain 11.8 4.1
Chills 9.8 2.7
Influenza-like illness 9.2 2.0
Malaise 7.2 0.7
Acute phase reaction 3.9 0.0
Investigations
C-reactive protein increased 4.6 1.4
Abbreviation: IV, intravenous or intravenously.
*Combined abdominal pain, abdominal pain upper, and abdominal pain lower as one Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR).
**Combined musculoskeletal pain and musculoskeletal chest pain as one ADR.
Renal Impairment
Creatinine clearance was measured annually prior to dosing and changes in long-term renal function over 24 months were
comparable in the Reclast and active control groups [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Acute Phase Reaction
Reclast was associated with signs and symptoms of an acute phase reaction: myalgia (17.1%), fever (15.7%), fatigue
(12.4%), arthralgia (11.1%), pain (10.5%), chills (9.8%), headache (9.8%), influenza-like illness (8.5%), malaise (5.2%),
and back pain (3.3%), which occurred within the first 3 days following the dose of Reclast. The majority of these
symptoms were mild to moderate and resolved within 3 days of the event onset but resolution could take up to 7-14 days.
The incidence of these symptoms decreased with subsequent doses of Reclast.
Atrial Fibrillation
The incidence of all atrial fibrillation adverse events in the Reclast treatment group was 3.3% (5 out of 153) compared to
2.0% (3 out of 148) in the active control group. However, there were no patients with adjudicated serious adverse events
of atrial fibrillation in the Reclast treatment group.
Laboratory Findings
There were no patients who had treatment emergent serum calcium levels below 7.5 mg/dL.
Injection-Site Reactions
There were 4 patients (2.6%) on Reclast vs. 2 patients (1.4%) on active control with local-site reactions.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
In this trial, there were no cases of ONJ [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
The safety of Reclast in men and women in the treatment and prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis was
assessed in a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, active controlled, stratified study of 833 men, and women aged 18 to
85 years treated with greater than or equal to 7.5 mg/day oral prednisone (or equivalent). Patients were stratified
according to the duration of their pre-study corticosteroid therapy: less than or equal to 3 months prior to randomization
(prevention subpopulation), and greater than 3 months prior to randomization (treatment subpopulation).
The duration of the trial was one year with 416 patients exposed to Reclast administered once as a single 5 mg dose in 100
mL infused over 15 minutes, and 417 patients exposed to a commercially-available oral daily bisphosphonate (active
control) for one year. All participants received 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus 400 to 1000 international units of
vitamin D supplementation per day.
The incidence of all-cause mortality was similar between treatment groups: 0.9% in the Reclast group and 0.7% in the
active control group. The incidence of serious adverse events was similar between the Reclast treatment and prevention
groups, 18.4% and 18.1%, respectively, and the active control treatment and prevention groups, 19.8% and 16.0%,
respectively. The percentage of subjects who withdrew from the study due to adverse events was 2.2% in the Reclast
group vs. 1.4% in the active control group. The overall safety and tolerability were similar between Reclast and active
control groups with the exception of a higher incidence of post-dose symptoms in the Reclast group that occurred within 3
days after infusion. The overall safety and tolerability profile of Reclast in glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis was
similar to the adverse events reported in the Reclast postmenopausal osteoporosis clinical trial.
Adverse reactions reported in at least 2% of patients that were either not reported in the postmenopausal osteoporosis
treatment trial or reported more frequently in the treatment and prevention of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis trial
included the following: abdominal pain (Reclast 7.5%; active control 5.0%), and musculoskeletal pain (Reclast 3.1%;
active control 1.7%). Other musculoskeletal events included back pain (Reclast 4.3%, active control 6.2%), bone pain
(Reclast 3.1%, active control 2.2%), and pain in the extremity (Reclast 3.1%, active control 1.2%). In addition, the
following adverse events occurred more frequently than in the postmenopausal osteoporosis trial: nausea (Reclast 9.6%;
active control 8.4%), and dyspepsia (Reclast 5.5%; active control 4.3%).
Renal Impairment
Renal function measured prior to dosing and at the end of the 12-month study was comparable in the Reclast and active
control groups [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Acute Phase Reaction
Reclast was associated with signs and symptoms of a transient acute phase reaction that was similar to that seen in the
Reclast postmenopausal osteoporosis clinical trial.
Atrial Fibrillation
The incidence of atrial fibrillation adverse events was 0.7% (3 of 416) in the Reclast group compared to no adverse events
in the active control group. All subjects had a prior history of atrial fibrillation and no cases were adjudicated as serious
adverse events. One patient had atrial flutter in the active control group.
Laboratory Findings
There were no patients who had treatment emergent serum calcium levels below 7.5 mg/dL.
Injection-Site Reactions
There were no local reactions at the infusion site.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
In this trial there were no cases of ONJ [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
Paget’s Disease of Bone
In the Paget’s disease trials, two 6-month, double-blind, comparative, multinational studies of 349 men, and women aged
greater than 30 years with moderate to severe disease and with confirmed Paget’s disease of bone, 177 patients were
exposed to Reclast and 172 patients exposed to risedronate. Reclast was administered once as a single 5 mg dose in 100
mL solution infused over at least 15 minutes. Risedronate was given as an oral daily dose of 30 mg for 2 months.
The incidence of serious adverse events was 5.1% in the Reclast group and 6.4% in the risedronate group. The percentage
of patients who withdrew from the study due to adverse events was 1.7% and 1.2% for the Reclast and risedronate groups,
respectively.
Adverse reactions occurring in at least 2% of the Paget’s patients receiving Reclast (single 5 mg intravenous infusion) or
risedronate (30 mg oral daily dose for 2 months) over a 6-month study period are listed by system organ class in Table 4.
Table 4. Adverse Reactions Reported in at Least 2% of Paget’s Patients Receiving Reclast (Single 5 mg
Intravenous Infusion) or Risedronate (Oral 30 mg Daily for 2 Months) Over a 6-Month Follow-up Period
System Organ Class
5 mg IV Reclast
%
(N = 177)
30 mg/day x 2 Months risedronate
%
(N = 172)
Infections and Infestations
Influenza 7 5
Metabolism and Nutrition Disorders
Hypocalcemia 3 1
Anorexia 2 2
Nervous System Disorders
Headache 11 10
Dizziness 9 4
Lethargy 5 1
Paresthesia 2 0
Respiratory, Thoracic and Mediastinal Disorders
Dyspnea 5 1
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Nausea 9 6
Diarrhea 6 6
Constipation 6 5
Dyspepsia 5 4
Abdominal distension 2 1
Abdominal pain 2 2
Vomiting 2 2
Abdominal pain upper 1 2
Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue Disorders
Rash 3 2
Musculoskeletal, Connective Tissue and Bone Disorders
Arthralgia 9 11
Bone pain 9 5
Myalgia 7 4
Back pain 4 7
Musculoskeletal stiffness 2 1
General Disorders and Administrative-Site Conditions
Influenza-like illness 11 6
Pyrexia 9 2
Fatigue 8 4
Rigors 8 1
Pain 5 4
Peripheral edema 3 1
Asthenia 2 1
Abbreviation: IV, intravenous or intravenously.
Laboratory Findings
In the Paget’s disease trials, early, transient decreases in serum calcium and phosphate levels were observed.
Approximately 21% of patients had serum calcium levels less than 8.4 mg/dL 9-11 days following Reclast administration.
Renal Impairment
In clinical trials in Paget’s disease, there were no cases of renal deterioration following a single 5 mg 15-minute infusion
[see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Acute Phase Reaction
The signs and symptoms of acute phase reaction (influenza-like illness, pyrexia, myalgia, arthralgia, and bone pain) were
reported in 25% of patients in the Reclast-treated group compared to 8% in the risedronate-treated group. Symptoms
usually occur within the first 3 days following Reclast administration. The majority of these symptoms resolved within 4
days of onset.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Osteonecrosis of the jaw has been reported with zoledronic acid [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].
6.2 Post-Marketing Experience
Because these reactions are reported voluntarily from a population of uncertain size, it is not always possible to reliably
estimate their frequency or establish a causal relationship to drug exposure.
The following adverse reactions have been identified during post approval use of Reclast:
Acute Phase Reactions
Fever, headache, flu-like symptoms, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, arthralgia, and myalgia. Symptoms may be significant
and lead to dehydration.
Acute Renal Failure
Acute renal failure requiring hospitalization and/or dialysis or with a fatal outcome have been rarely reported. Increased
serum creatinine was reported in patients with 1) underlying renal disease, 2) dehydration secondary to fever, sepsis,
gastrointestinal losses, or diuretic therapy, or 3) other risk factors, such as advanced age, or concomitant nephrotoxic
drugs in the post-infusion period. Transient rise in serum creatinine can be correctable with intravenous fluids.
Allergic Reactions
Allergic reactions with intravenous zoledronic acid, including anaphylactic reaction/shock, urticaria, angioedema,
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, and bronchoconstriction have been reported.
Asthma Exacerbations
Asthma exacerbations have been reported.
Hypocalcemia
Hypocalcemia has been reported.
Hypophosphatemia
Hypophosphatemia has been reported.
Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Osteonecrosis of the jaw has been reported.
Osteonecrosis of Other Bones
Cases of osteonecrosis of other bones (including femur, hip, knee, ankle, wrist and humerus) have been reported; causality
has not been determined in the population treated with Reclast.
Ocular Adverse Events
Cases of the following events have been reported: conjunctivitis, iritis, iridocyclitis, uveitis, episcleritis, scleritis, and
orbital inflammation/edema.
Other
Hypotension in patients with underlying risk factors has been reported.
7 DRUG INTERACTIONS
No in vivo drug interaction studies have been performed for Reclast. In vitro and ex vivo studies showed low affinity of
zoledronic acid for the cellular components of human blood. In vitro mean zoledronic acid protein binding in human
plasma ranged from 28% at 200 ng/mL to 53% at 50 ng/mL. In vivo studies showed that zoledronic acid is not
metabolized, and is excreted into the urine as the intact drug.
7.1 Aminoglycosides
Caution is advised when bisphosphonates, including zoledronic acid, are administered with aminoglycosides, since these
agents may have an additive effect to lower serum calcium level for prolonged periods. This effect has not been reported
in zoledronic acid clinical trials.
7.2 Loop Diuretics
Caution should also be exercised when Reclast is used in combination with loop diuretics due to an increased risk of
hypocalcemia.
7.3 Nephrotoxic Drugs
Caution is indicated when Reclast is used with other potentially nephrotoxic drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-
inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
7.4 Drugs Primarily Excreted by the Kidney
Renal impairment has been observed following the administration of zoledronic acid in patients with preexisting renal
compromise or other risk factors [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]. In patients with renal impairment, the exposure to
concomitant medications that are primarily renally excreted (e.g., digoxin) may increase. Consider monitoring serum
creatinine in patients at risk for renal impairment who are taking concomitant medications that are primarily excreted by
the kidney.
8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS
8.1 Pregnancy
Risk Summary
Available data on the use of Reclast in pregnant women are insufficient to inform a drug-associated risk of adverse
maternal or fetal outcomes. Discontinue Reclast when pregnancy is recognized.
In animal reproduction studies, daily subcutaneous administration of zoledronic acid to pregnant rats during
organogenesis resulted in increases in fetal skeletal, visceral, and external malformations, decreases in postimplantation
survival, and decreases in viable fetuses and fetal weight starting at doses equivalent to 2 times the recommended human
5 mg intravenous dose (based on AUC). Subcutaneous administration of zoledronic acid to rabbits during organogenesis
did not cause adverse fetal effects at up to 0.4 times the human 5 mg intravenous dose (based on body surface area,
mg/m
2
), but resulted in maternal mortality and abortion associated with hypocalcemia starting at doses equivalent to 0.04
times the human 5 mg intravenous dose. Subcutaneous dosing of female rats from before mating through gestation and
lactation and allowed to deliver caused maternal dystocia and periparturient mortality, increases in stillbirths and neonatal
deaths, and reduced pup body weight starting at doses equivalent to 0.1 times the human 5 mg intravenous dose (based on
AUC) (see Data).
Bisphosphonates are incorporated into the bone matrix, from which they are gradually released over a period of years. The
amount of bisphosphonate incorporated into adult bone, and available for release into the systemic circulation is directly
related to the dose and duration of bisphosphonate use. Consequently, based on the mechanism of action of
bisphosphonates, there is a potential risk of fetal harm, predominantly skeletal, if a woman becomes pregnant after
completing a course of bisphosphonate therapy. The impact of variables, such as time between cessation of
bisphosphonate therapy to conception, the particular bisphosphonate used, and the route of administration (intravenous
versus oral) on the risk has not been studied.
The estimated background risk of major birth defects and miscarriage for the indicated populations is unknown. All
pregnancies have a background risk of birth defects, loss, or other adverse outcomes. In the U.S. general population, the
estimated background risks of major birth defects and miscarriage in clinically recognized pregnancies is 2%-4% and
15%-20%, respectively.
Data
Animal Data
In pregnant rats given daily subcutaneous doses of zoledronic acid of 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/kg during organogenesis, fetal
skeletal, visceral, and external malformations, increases in pre-and post-implantation loss, and decreases in viable fetuses
and fetal weight were observed at 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg/day (equivalent to 2 and 4 times the human 5 mg intravenous dose,
based on AUC). Adverse fetal skeletal effects at 0.4 mg/kg/day (4 times the human 5 mg dose) included unossified or
incompletely ossified bones, thickened, curved or shortened bones, wavy ribs, and shortened jaw. Other adverse fetal
effects at this dose included reduced lens, rudimentary cerebellum, reduction or absence of liver lobes, reduction of lung
lobes, vessel dilation, cleft palate, and edema. Skeletal variations were observed in all groups starting at 0.1 mg/kg/day
(1.2 times the human 5 mg dose). Signs of maternal toxicity, including reduced body weight and food consumption were
observed at 0.4 mg/kg/day (4 times the human 5 mg dose).
In pregnant rabbits given daily subcutaneous doses of zoledronic acid of 0.01, 0.03, or 0.1 mg/kg during gestation, no
adverse fetal effects were observed up to 0.1 mg/kg/day (0.4 times the human 5 mg intravenous dose, based on body
surface area, mg/m
2
). Maternal mortality and abortion were observed in all dose groups (starting at 0.04 times the human
5 mg dose). Adverse maternal effects were associated with drug-induced hypocalcemia.
In female rats given daily subcutaneous doses of 0.01, 0.03, or 0.1 mg/kg, beginning 15 days before mating and
continuing through gestation, parturition and lactation, dystocia and periparturient mortality were observed in pregnant
rats allowed to deliver starting at 0.01 mg/kg/day (0.1 times the human 5 mg intravenous dose, based on AUC). Also,
there was an increase in stillbirths and a decrease in neonate survival starting at 0.03 mg/kg/day (0.3 times the human 5
mg dose), while the number of viable newborns and pup body weight on postnatal Day 7 were decreased at 0.1 mg/kg/day
(equivalent to the human 5 mg dose). Maternal and neonatal deaths were considered related to drug-induced periparturient
hypocalcemia.
8.2 Lactation
Risk Summary
There are no data on the presence of zoledronic acid in human milk, the effects on the breast-fed infant, or the effects on
milk production. The developmental and health benefits of breastfeeding should be considered along with the mother’s
clinical need for Reclast and any potential adverse effects on the breast-fed child from Reclast, or from the underlying
maternal condition.
8.3 Females and Males of Reproductive Potential
Infertility
There are no data available in humans. Female fertility may be impaired based on animal studies demonstrating adverse
effects of Reclast on fertility parameters [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].
8.4 Pediatric Use
Reclast is not indicated for use in children.
The safety and effectiveness of zoledronic acid was studied in a one-year active controlled trial of 152 pediatric subjects
(74 receiving zoledronic acid). The enrolled population was subjects with severe osteogenesis imperfecta, aged 1 to 17
years, 55% male, 84% Caucasian, with a mean lumbar spine BMD of 0.431 gm/cm
2
, which is 2.7 standard deviations
below the mean for age-matched controls (BMD Z-score of -2.7). At one year, increases in BMD were observed in the
zoledronic acid treatment group. However, changes in BMD in individual patients with severe osteogenesis imperfecta did
not necessarily correlate with the risk for fracture or the incidence or severity of chronic bone pain. The adverse events
observed with zoledronic acid use in children did not raise any new safety findings beyond those previously seen in adults
treated for Paget’s disease of bone and treatment of osteoporosis, including ONJ and renal impairment. However, adverse
reactions seen more commonly in pediatric patients included pyrexia (61%), arthralgia (26%), hypocalcemia (22%), and
headache (22%). These reactions, excluding arthralgia, occurred most frequently within three days after the first infusion
and became less common with repeat dosing. No cases of ONJ or renal impairment were observed in this study. Because
of long-term retention in bone, Reclast should only be used in children if the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk.
Plasma zoledronic acid concentration data was obtained from 10 patients with severe osteogenesis imperfecta (4 in the age
group of 3 to 8 years and 6 in the age group of 9 to 17 years) infused with 0.05 mg/kg dose over 30 minutes. Mean C
max
and AUC
(0-last)
was 167 ng/mL and 220 ng.h/mL, respectively. The plasma concentration time profile of zoledronic acid in
pediatric patients represent a multi-exponential decline, as observed in adult cancer patients at an approximately
equivalent mg/kg dose.
8.5 Geriatric Use
The combined osteoporosis trials included 4863 Reclast-treated patients who were at least 65 years of age, while 2101
patients were at least 75 years old. No overall differences in efficacy or safety were observed between patients under 75
years of age with those at least 75 years of age, except that the acute phase reactions occurred less frequently in the older
patients.
Of the patients receiving Reclast in the osteoporosis study in men, glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis, and Paget’s
disease studies, 83, 116, and 132 patients, respectively were 65 years of age or over, while 24, 29, and 68 patients,
respectively were at least 75 years of age.
However, because decreased renal function occurs more commonly in the elderly, special care should be taken to monitor
renal function.
8.6 Renal Impairment
Reclast is contraindicated in patients with creatinine clearance less than 35 mL/min and in those with evidence of acute
renal impairment. There are no safety or efficacy data to support the adjustment of the Reclast dose based on baseline
renal function. Therefore, no dosage adjustment is required in patients with a creatinine clearance of greater than or equal
to 35 mL/min [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3), Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)]. Risk of acute renal failure may
increase with underlying renal disease and dehydration secondary to fever, sepsis, gastrointestinal losses, diuretic therapy,
advanced age, etc. [see Adverse Reactions (6.2)].
8.7 Hepatic Impairment
Reclast is not metabolized in the liver. No clinical data are available for use of Reclast in patients with hepatic impairment.
10 OVERDOSAGE
Clinical experience with acute overdosage of zoledronic acid (Reclast) solution for intravenous infusion is limited.
Patients who have received doses higher than those recommended should be carefully monitored. Overdosage may cause
clinically significant renal impairment, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and hypomagnesemia. Clinically relevant
reductions in serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium should be corrected by intravenous administration of
calcium gluconate, potassium or sodium phosphate, and magnesium sulfate, respectively.
Single doses of Reclast should not exceed 5 mg and the duration of the intravenous infusion should be no less than 15
minutes [see Dosage and Administration (2)].
11 DESCRIPTION
Reclast contains zoledronic acid, a bisphosphonic acid which is an inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption. Zoledronic
acid is designated chemically as (1-Hydroxy-2-imidazol-1-yl-phosphonoethyl) phosphonic acid monohydrate and its
structural formula is:
Zoledronic acid monohydrate is a white crystalline powder. Its molecular formula is C
5
H
10
N
2
O
7
P
2
• H
2
O and a molar mass
of 290.1 g/mol. Zoledronic acid monohydrate is highly soluble in 0.1N sodium hydroxide solution, sparingly soluble in
water and 0.1N hydrochloric acid, and practically insoluble in organic solvents. The pH of the Reclast solution for
infusion is approximately 6.0-7.0.
Reclast Injection is available as a sterile solution in bottles for intravenous infusion. One bottle with 100 mL solution
contains 5.330 mg of zoledronic acid monohydrate, equivalent to 5 mg zoledronic acid on an anhydrous basis.
Inactive Ingredients: 4950 mg of mannitol, USP; and 30 mg of sodium citrate, USP.
12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
12.1 Mechanism of Action
Reclast is a bisphosphonate and acts primarily on bone. It is an inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption.
The selective action of bisphosphonates on bone is based on their high affinity for mineralized bone. Intravenously
administered zoledronic acid rapidly partitions to bone and localizes preferentially at sites of high bone turnover. The
main molecular target of zoledronic acid in the osteoclast is the enzyme farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. The relatively
long duration of action of zoledronic acid is attributable to its high binding affinity to bone mineral.
12.2 Pharmacodynamics
In the osteoporosis treatment trial, the effect of Reclast treatment on markers of bone resorption (serum beta-C-
telopeptides [b-CTx]) and bone formation (bone specific alkaline phosphatase [BSAP], serum N-terminal propeptide of
type I collagen [P1NP]) was evaluated in patients (subsets ranging from 517 to 1246 patients) at periodic intervals.
Treatment with a 5 mg annual dose of Reclast reduces bone turnover markers to the pre-menopausal range with an
approximate 55% reduction in b-CTx, a 29% reduction in BSAP and a 52% reduction in P1NP over 36 months. There was
no progressive reduction of bone turnover markers with repeated annual dosing.
12.3 Pharmacokinetics
Pharmacokinetic data in patients with osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone are not available.
Distribution: Single or multiple (every 28 days) 5-minute or 15-minute infusions of 2, 4, 8, or 16 mg zoledronic acid were
given to 64 patients with cancer and bone metastases. The post-infusion decline of zoledronic acid concentrations in
plasma was consistent with a triphasic process showing a rapid decrease from peak concentrations at end-of-infusion to
less than 1% of C
max
24 hours post infusion with population half-lives of t
1/2α
0.24 hour and t
1/2β
1.87 hours for the early
disposition phases of the drug. The terminal elimination phase of zoledronic acid was prolonged, with very low
concentrations in plasma between Days 2 and 28 post infusion, and a terminal elimination half-life t
1/2γ
of 146 hours. The
area under the plasma concentration versus time curve (AUC
0-24h
) of zoledronic acid was dose proportional from 2 to 16
mg. The accumulation of zoledronic acid measured over three cycles was low, with mean AUC
0-24h
ratios for cycles 2 and
3 versus 1 of 1.13 ± 0.30 and 1.16 ± 0.36, respectively.
In vitro and ex vivo studies showed low affinity of zoledronic acid for the cellular components of human blood. In vitro
mean zoledronic acid protein binding in human plasma ranged from 28% at 200 ng/mL to 53% at 50 ng/mL.
Metabolism: Zoledronic acid does not inhibit human P450 enzymes in vitro. Zoledronic acid does not undergo
biotransformation in vivo. In animal studies, less than 3% of the administered intravenous dose was found in the feces,
with the balance either recovered in the urine or taken up by bone, indicating that the drug is eliminated intact via the
kidney. Following an intravenous dose of 20 nCi
14
C-zoledronic acid in a patient with cancer and bone metastases, only a
single radioactive species with chromatographic properties identical to those of parent drug was recovered in urine, which
suggests that zoledronic acid is not metabolized.
Excretion: In 64 patients with cancer and bone metastases on average (± SD) 39 ± 16% of the administered zoledronic
acid dose was recovered in the urine within 24 hours, with only trace amounts of drug found in urine post Day 2. The
cumulative percent of drug excreted in the urine over 0-24 hours was independent of dose. The balance of drug not
recovered in urine over 0-24 hours, representing drug presumably bound to bone, is slowly released back into the systemic
circulation, giving rise to the observed prolonged low plasma concentrations. The 0-24 hour renal clearance of zoledronic
acid was 3.7 ± 2.0 L/h.
Zoledronic acid clearance was independent of dose but dependent upon the patient’s creatinine clearance. In a study in
patients with cancer and bone metastases, increasing the infusion time of a 4 mg dose of zoledronic acid from 5 minutes
(n = 5) to 15 minutes (n = 7) resulted in a 34% decrease in the zoledronic acid concentration at the end of the infusion
([mean ± SD] 403 ± 118 ng/mL vs. 264 ± 86 ng/mL) and a 10% increase in the total AUC (378 ± 116 ng x h/mL vs. 420 ±
218 ng x h/mL). The difference between the AUC means was not statistically significant.
Specific Populations
Pediatrics: Reclast is not indicated for use in children [see Pediatric Use (8.4)].
Geriatrics: The pharmacokinetics of zoledronic acid was not affected by age in patients with cancer and bone metastases
whose age ranged from 38 years to 84 years.
Race: The pharmacokinetics of zoledronic acid was not affected by race in patients with cancer and bone metastases.
Hepatic Impairment: No clinical studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of hepatic impairment on the
pharmacokinetics of zoledronic acid.
Renal Impairment: The pharmacokinetic studies conducted in 64 cancer patients represented typical clinical populations
with normal to moderately-impaired renal function. Compared to patients with creatinine clearance greater than 80
mL/min (N = 37), patients with creatinine clearance = 50-80 mL/min (N = 15) showed an average increase in plasma
AUC of 15%, whereas patients with creatinine clearance = 30-50 mL/min (N = 11) showed an average increase in plasma
AUC of 43%. No dosage adjustment is required in patients with a creatinine clearance of greater than or equal to 35
mL/min. Reclast is contraindicated in patients with creatinine clearance less than 35 mL/min and in those with evidence of
acute renal impairment due to an increased risk of renal failure [see Contraindications (4), Warnings and Precautions
(5.3), Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].
13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY
13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Carcinogenesis: Lifetime carcinogenicity bioassays were conducted in mice and rats. Mice were given daily oral doses of
zoledronic acid of 0.1, 0.5, or 2.0 mg/kg/day for 2 years. There was an increased incidence of Harderian gland adenomas
in males and females in all treatment groups (starting at doses equivalent to 0.002 times the human 5 mg intravenous dose,
based on body surface area, mg/m
2
). Rats were given daily oral doses of zoledronic acid of 0.1, 0.5, or 2.0 mg/kg/day for
2 years. No increased incidence of tumors was observed at any dose (up to 0.1 times the human intravenous dose of 5 mg,
based on body surface area, mg/m
2
).
Mutagenesis: Zoledronic acid was not genotoxic in the Ames bacterial mutagenicity assay, in the Chinese hamster ovary
cell assay, or in the Chinese hamster gene mutation assay, with or without metabolic activation. Zoledronic acid was not
genotoxic in the in vivo rat micronucleus assay.
Impairment of Fertility: Female rats were given daily subcutaneous doses of zoledronic acid of 0.01, 0.03, or 0.1 mg/kg
beginning 15 days before mating and continuing through gestation. Inhibition of ovulation and a decrease in the number
of pregnant rats were observed at 0.1 mg/kg/day (equivalent to the human 5 mg intravenous dose, based on AUC). An
increase in preimplantation loss and a decrease in the number of implantations and live fetuses were observed at 0.03 and
1 mg/kg/day (0.3 to 1 times the human 5 mg human intravenous dose).
13.2 Animal Pharmacology
Bone Safety Studies: Zoledronic acid is a potent inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption. In the ovariectomized rat, single
IV doses of zoledronic acid of 4-500 mcg/kg (0.1 to 3.5 times the human 5 mg intravenous dose, based on body surface
area, mg/m
2
) suppressed bone turnover and protected against trabecular bone loss, cortical thinning and the reduction in
vertebral and femoral bone strength in a dose-dependent manner. At a dose equivalent to human exposure at the 5 mg
intravenous dose, the effect persisted for 8 months, which corresponds to approximately 8 remodeling cycles or 3 years in
humans.
In ovariectomized rats and monkeys, weekly treatment with zoledronic acid dose-dependently suppressed bone turnover
and prevented the decrease in cancellous and cortical BMD and bone strength, at yearly cumulative doses up to 3.5 times
the human 5 mg intravenous dose, based on body surface area, mg/m
2
. Bone tissue was normal and there was no evidence
of a mineralization defect, no accumulation of osteoid, and no woven bone.
14 CLINICAL STUDIES
14.1 Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Study 1: The efficacy and safety of Reclast in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis was demonstrated in Study 1,
a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational study of 7736 women aged 65 to 89 years (mean age of 73)
with either: a femoral neck BMD T-score less than or equal to -1.5 and at least two mild or one moderate existing
vertebral fracture(s); or a femoral neck BMD T-score less than or equal to -2.5 with or without evidence of an existing
vertebral fracture(s). Women were stratified into two groups: Stratum I: no concomitant use of osteoporosis therapy or
Stratum II: baseline concomitant use of osteoporosis therapies, which included calcitonin, raloxifene, tamoxifen, and
hormone replacement therapy, but excluded other bisphosphonates.
Women enrolled in Stratum I (n = 5661) were evaluated annually for incidence of vertebral fractures. All women (Strata I
and II) were evaluated for the incidence of hip and other clinical fractures. Reclast was administered once a year for three
consecutive years, as a single 5 mg dose in 100 mL solution infused over at least 15 minutes, for a total of three doses. All
women received 1000 to 1500 mg of elemental calcium plus 400 to 1200 international units of vitamin D supplementation
per day.
The two primary efficacy variables were the incidence of morphometric vertebral fractures at 3 years and the incidence of
hip fractures over a median duration of 3 years. The diagnosis of an incident vertebral fracture was based on both
qualitative diagnosis by the radiologist and quantitative morphometric criterion. The morphometric criterion required the
dual occurrence of 2 events: a relative height ratio or relative height reduction in a vertebral body of at least 20%, together
with at least a 4 mm absolute decrease in height.
Effect on Vertebral Fractures
Reclast significantly decreased the incidence of new vertebral fractures at one, two, and three years as shown in Table 5.
Table 5. Proportion of Patients with New Morphometric Vertebral Fractures
Outcome
Reclast
(%)
Placebo
(%)
Absolute Reduction
in Fracture Incidence
%
(95% CI)
Relative Reduction in
Fracture Incidence
%
(95% CI)
At least one new vertebral fracture
(0 to 1 year)
1.5 3.7
2.2
(1.4, 3.1)
60
(43, 72)*
At least one new vertebral fracture
(0 to 2 years)
2.2 7.7
5.5
(4.4, 6.6)
71
(62, 78)*
At least one new vertebral fracture
(0 to 3 years)
3.3 10.9
7.6
(6.3, 9.0)
70
(62, 76)*
*p < 0.0001
The reductions in vertebral fractures over three years were consistent (including new/worsening and multiple vertebral
fractures) and significantly greater than placebo regardless of age, geographical region, baseline body mass index, number
of baseline vertebral fractures, femoral neck BMD T-score, or prior bisphosphonate usage.
Effect on Hip Fracture Over 3 years
Reclast demonstrated a 1.1% absolute reduction and 41% relative reduction in the risk of hip fractures over a median
duration of follow-up of 3 years. The hip fracture event rate was 1.4% for Reclast-treated patients compared to 2.5% for
placebo-treated patients.
Figure 1. Cumulative Incidence of Hip Fracture Over 3 Years
The reductions in hip fractures over three years were greater for Reclast than placebo regardless of femoral neck BMD T-
score.
Effect on All Clinical Fractures
Reclast demonstrated superiority to placebo in reducing the incidence of all clinical fractures, clinical (symptomatic)
vertebral and non-vertebral fractures (excluding finger, toe, facial, and clinical thoracic and lumbar vertebral fractures).
All clinical fractures were verified based on the radiographic and/or clinical evidence. A summary of results is presented
in Table 6.
Table 6. Between-Treatment Comparisons of the Incidence of Clinical Fracture Variables Over 3 Years
Outcome
Reclast
(N= 3875)
Event Rate
n (%)
+
Placebo
(N= 3861)
Event Rate
n (%)
+
Absolute Reduction in
Fracture Incidence
%
(95% CI)
+
Relative Risk
Reduction in
Fracture Incidence
%
(95% CI)
Any clinical fracture
(1)
308 (8.4) 456 (12.8) 4.4
(3.0, 5.8)
33
(23, 42)**
Clinical vertebral fracture
(2)
19 (0.5) 84 (2.6) 2.1
(1.5, 2.7)
77
(63, 86)**
Non-vertebral fracture
(3)
292 (8.0) 388 (10.7) 2.7
(1.4, 4.0)
25
(13, 36)*
*p-value < 0.001, **p-value < 0.0001.
+
Event rates based on Kaplan-Meier estimates at 36 months
(1)
Excluding finger, toe, and facial fractures.
(2)
Includes clinical thoracic and clinical lumbar vertebral fractures.
(3)
Excluding finger, toe, facial, and clinical thoracic and lumbar vertebral fractures.
Effect on Bone Mineral Density
Reclast significantly increased BMD at the lumbar spine, total hip and femoral neck, relative to treatment with placebo at
time points 12, 24, and 36 months. Treatment with Reclast resulted in a 6.7% increase in BMD at the lumbar spine, 6.0%
at the total hip, and 5.1% at the femoral neck, over 3 years as compared to placebo.
Bone Histology
Bone biopsy specimens were obtained between Months 33 and 36 from 82 postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis
treated with 3 annual doses of Reclast. Of the biopsies obtained, 81 were adequate for qualitative histomorphometry
assessment, 59 were adequate for partial quantitative histomorphometry assessment, and 38 were adequate for full
quantitative histomorphometry assessment. Micro CT analysis was performed on 76 specimens. Qualitative, quantitative
and micro CT assessments showed bone of normal architecture and quality without mineralization defects.
Effect on Height
In the 3-year osteoporosis study, standing height was measured annually using a stadiometer. The Reclast group revealed
less height loss compared to placebo (4.2 mm vs. 7.0 mm, respectively [p < 0.001]).
Study 2: The efficacy and safety of Reclast in the treatment of patients with osteoporosis who suffered a recent low-
trauma hip fracture was demonstrated in Study 2, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational endpoint
study of 2127 men and women aged 50 to 95 years (mean age of 74.5). Concomitant osteoporosis therapies excluding
other bisphosphonates and parathyroid hormone were allowed. Reclast was administered once a year as a single 5 mg
dose in 100 mL solution, infused over at least 15 minutes. The study continued until at least 211 patients had confirmed
clinical fractures in the study population. Vitamin D levels were not routinely measured but a loading dose of vitamin D
(50,000 to 125,000 international units orally or IM) was given to patients and they were started on 1000 to 1500 mg of
elemental calcium plus 800 to 1200 international units of vitamin D supplementation per day for at least 14 days prior to
the study drug infusions. The primary efficacy variable was the incidence of clinical fractures over the duration of the
study.
Reclast significantly reduced the incidence of any clinical fracture by 35%. There was also a 46% reduction in the risk of
a clinical vertebral fracture (Table 7).
Table 7. Between-Treatment Comparisons of the Incidence of Key Clinical Fracture Variables
Outcome
Reclast
(N = 1065)
Event Rate
n (%)
+
Placebo
(N = 1062)
Event Rate
n (%)
+
Absolute Reduction
in
Fracture Incidence
%
(95% CI)
+
Relative Risk Reduction
in
Fracture Incidence
%
(95% CI)
Any clinical fracture
(1)
92 (8.6) 139 (13.9) 5.3
(2.3, 8.3)
35
(16, 50)**
Clinical vertebral fracture
(2)
21 (1.7) 39 (3.8) 2.1
(0.5, 3.7)
46
(8, 68)*
*p-value < 0.05, **p-value < 0.005.
+
Event rates based on Kaplan-Meier estimates at 24 months.
(1)
Excluding finger, toe and facial fractures.
(2)
Including clinical thoracic and clinical lumbar vertebral fractures.
Effect on Bone Mineral Density
Reclast significantly increased BMD relative to placebo at the hip and femoral neck at all timepoints (12, 24, and 36
months). Treatment with Reclast resulted in a 6.4% increase in BMD at the total hip and a 4.3% increase at the femoral
neck over 36 months as compared to placebo.
14.2 Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
The efficacy and safety of Reclast in postmenopausal women with osteopenia (low bone mass) was assessed in a 2-year
randomized, multi-center, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of 581 postmenopausal women aged greater than or
equal to 45 years, who were stratified by years since menopause: Stratum I women less than 5 years from menopause (n =
224); Stratum II women greater than or equal to 5 years from menopause (n = 357). Patients within Stratum I and II were
randomized to one of three treatment groups: (1) Reclast given at randomization and at Month 12 (n = 77) in Stratum I
and (n = 121) in Stratum II; (2) Reclast given at randomization and placebo at Month 12 (n = 70) in Stratum I and (n =
111) in Stratum II; and (3) Placebo given at randomization and Month 12 (n = 202). Reclast was administered as a single
5 mg dose in 100 mL solution infused over at least 15 minutes. All women received 500 to 1200 mg elemental calcium
plus 400 to 800 international units vitamin D supplementation per day. The primary efficacy variable was the percent
change of BMD at 24 Months relative to baseline.
Effect on Bone Mineral Density
Reclast significantly increased lumbar spine BMD relative to placebo at Month 24 across both strata. Reclast given once
at randomization (and placebo given at Month 12) resulted in 4.0% increase in BMD in Stratum I patients and 4.8%
increase in Stratum II patients over 24 months. Placebo given at randomization and at Month 12 resulted in 2.2% decrease
in BMD in Stratum I patients and 0.7% decrease in BMD in Stratum II patients over 24 months. Therefore, Reclast given
once at randomization (and placebo given at Month 12) resulted in a 6.3% increase in BMD in Stratum I patients and
5.4% increase in Stratum II patients over 24 months as compared to placebo (both p < 0.0001).
Reclast also significantly increased total hip BMD relative to placebo at Month 24 across both strata. Reclast given once
at randomization (and placebo given at Month 12) resulted in 2.6% increase in BMD in Stratum I patients and 2.1% in
Stratum II patients over 24 months. Placebo given at randomization and at Month 12 resulted in 2.1% decrease in BMD in
Stratum I patients and 1.0% decrease in BMD in Stratum II patients over 24 months. Therefore, Reclast given once at
randomization (and placebo given at Month 12) resulted in a 4.7% increase in BMD in Stratum I patients and 3.2%
increase in Stratum II patients over 24 months as compared to placebo (both p < 0.0001).
14.3 Osteoporosis in Men
The efficacy and safety of Reclast in men with osteoporosis or significant osteoporosis secondary to hypogonadism, was
assessed in a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, active controlled, study of 302 men aged 25 to 86 years (mean age of
64). The duration of the trial was two years. Patients were randomized to either Reclast, which was administered once
annually as a 5 mg dose in 100 mL infused over 15 minutes for a total of up to two doses, or to an oral weekly
bisphosphonate (active control) for up to two years. All participants received 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus 800 to
1000 international units of vitamin D supplementation per day.
Effect on Bone Mineral Density
An annual infusion of Reclast was non-inferior to the oral weekly bisphosphonate active control based on the percentage
change in lumbar spine BMD at Month 24 relative to baseline (Reclast: 6.1% increase; active control: 6.2% increase).
14.4 Treatment and Prevention of Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis
The efficacy and safety of Reclast to prevent and treat glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) was assessed in a
randomized, multicenter, double-blind, stratified, active controlled study of 833 men and women aged 18 to 85 years
(mean age of 54.4 years) treated with greater than or equal to 7.5 mg/day oral prednisone (or equivalent). Patients were
stratified according to the duration of their pre-study corticosteroid therapy: less than or equal to 3 months prior to
randomization (prevention subpopulation), and greater than 3 months prior to randomization (treatment subpopulation).
The duration of the trial was one year. Patients were randomized to either Reclast, which was administered once as a 5 mg
dose in 100 mL infused over 15 minutes, or to an oral daily bisphosphonate (active control) for one year. All participants
received 1000 mg of elemental calcium plus 400 to 1000 international units of vitamin D supplementation per day.
Effect on Bone Mineral Density
In the GIO treatment subpopulation, Reclast demonstrated a significant mean increase in lumbar spine BMD compared to
the active control at one year (Reclast 4.1%, active control 2.7%) with a treatment difference of 1.4% (p < 0.001). In the
GIO prevention subpopulation, Reclast demonstrated a significant mean increase in lumbar spine BMD compared to
active control at one year (Reclast 2.6%, active control 0.6%) with a treatment difference of 2.0% (p < 0.001).
Bone Histology
Bone biopsy specimens were obtained from 23 patients (12 in the Reclast treatment group and 11 in the active control
treatment group) at Month 12 treated with an annual dose of Reclast or daily oral active control. Qualitative assessments
showed bone of normal architecture and quality without mineralization defects. Apparent reductions in activation
frequency and remodeling rates were seen when compared with the histomorphometry results seen with Reclast in the
postmenopausal osteoporosis population. The long-term consequences of this degree of suppression of bone remodeling in
glucocorticoid-treated patients is unknown.
14.5 Treatment of Paget’s Disease of Bone
Reclast was studied in male and female patients with moderate to severe Paget’s disease of bone, defined as serum
alkaline phosphatase level at least twice the upper limit of the age-specific normal reference range at the time of study
entry. Diagnosis was confirmed by radiographic evidence.
The efficacy of one infusion of 5 mg Reclast vs. oral daily doses of 30 mg risedronate for 2 months was demonstrated in
two identically designed 6-month randomized, double-blind trials. The mean age of patients in the two trials was 70.
Ninety-three percent (93%) of patients were Caucasian. Therapeutic response was defined as either normalization of
serum alkaline phosphatase (SAP) or a reduction of at least 75% from baseline in total SAP excess at the end of 6 months.
SAP excess was defined as the difference between the measured level and midpoint of normal range.
In both trials, Reclast demonstrated a superior and more rapid therapeutic response compared with risedronate and
returned more patients to normal levels of bone turnover, as evidenced by biochemical markers of formation (SAP, serum
N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen [P1NP]) and resorption (serum CTx 1 [cross-linked C-telopeptides of type I
collagen] and urine -CTx).
The 6-month combined data from both trials showed that 96% (169/176) of Reclast-treated patients achieved a therapeutic
response as compared with 74% (127/171) of patients treated with risedronate. Most Reclast patients achieved a
therapeutic response by the Day 63 visit. In addition, at 6 months, 89% (156/176) of Reclast-treated patients achieved
normalization of SAP levels, compared to 58% (99/171) of patients treated with risedronate (p < 0.0001) (see Figure 2).
Figure 2. Therapeutic Response/Serum Alkaline Phosphatase (SAP) Normalization Over Time
The therapeutic response to Reclast was similar across demographic and disease-severity groups defined by gender, age,
previous bisphosphonate use, and disease severity. At 6 months, the percentage of Reclast-treated patients who achieved
therapeutic response was 97% and 95%, respectively, in each of the baseline disease severity subgroups (baseline SAP
less than 3xULN, greater than or equal to 3xULN) compared to 75% and 74%, respectively, for the same disease severity
subgroups of risedronate-treated patients.
In patients who had previously received treatment with oral bisphosphonates, therapeutic response rates were 96% and
55% for Reclast and risedronate, respectively. The comparatively low risedronate response was due to the low response
rate (7/23, 30%) in patients previously treated with risedronate. In patients naïve to previous treatment, a greater
therapeutic response was also observed with Reclast (98%) relative to risedronate (86%). In patients with symptomatic
pain at screening, therapeutic response rates were 94% and 70% for Reclast and risedronate, respectively. For patients
without pain at screening, therapeutic response rates were 100% and 82% for Reclast and risedronate, respectively.
Bone histology was evaluated in 7 patients with Paget’s disease 6 months after being treated with Reclast 5 mg. Bone
biopsy results showed bone of normal quality with no evidence of impaired bone remodeling and no evidence of
mineralization defect.
16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING
Each bottle contains 5 mg per 100 mL NDC 0078-0435-61
Handling
After opening the solution, it is stable for 24 hours at 2°C to 8°C (36°F to 46°F).
If refrigerated, allow the refrigerated solution to reach room temperature before administration.
Storage
Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions permitted between 15°C and 30°C (59°F to 86°F) [see USP Controlled
Room Temperature].
17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION
Advise the patient to read the FDA-approved patient labeling (Medication Guide).
Information for Patients
Patients should be made aware that Reclast contains the same active ingredient (zoledronic acid) found in Zometa
®
, and
that patients being treated with Zometa should not be treated with Reclast.
Reclast is contraindicated in patients with creatinine clearance less than 35 mL/min [see Contraindications (4)].
Before being given Reclast, patients should tell their doctor if they have kidney problems and what medications they are
taking [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)].
Reclast should not be given if the patient is pregnant or plans to become pregnant, or if she is breastfeeding [see Use in
Specific Populations (8.1, 8.2, 8.3)].
There have been reports of bronchoconstriction in aspirin-sensitive patients receiving bisphosphonates, including Reclast.
Before being given Reclast, patients should tell their doctor if they are aspirin-sensitive.
If the patient had surgery to remove some or all of the parathyroid glands in their neck, or had sections of their intestine
removed, or are unable to take calcium supplements they should tell their doctor.
Reclast is given as an infusion into a vein by a nurse or a doctor, and the infusion time must not be less than 15 minutes.
On the day of treatment the patient should eat and drink normally, which includes drinking at least 2 glasses of fluid, such
as water within a few hours prior to the infusion, as directed by their doctor, before receiving Reclast.
After getting Reclast it is strongly recommended patients with Paget’s disease take calcium in divided doses (for example,
2 to 4 times a day) for a total of 1500 mg calcium a day to prevent low blood calcium levels. This is especially important
for the two weeks after getting Reclast [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)].
Adequate calcium and vitamin D intake is important in patients with osteoporosis and the current recommended daily
intake of calcium is 1200 mg and vitamin D is 800 international units to 1000 international units daily. All patients should
be instructed on the importance of calcium and vitamin D supplementation in maintaining serum calcium levels.
Patients should be aware of the most commonly associated side effects of therapy. Patients may experience one or more
side effects that could include: fever, flu-like symptoms, myalgia, arthralgia, and headache. Most of these side effects
occur within the first 3 days following the dose of Reclast. They usually resolve within 3 days of onset but may last for up
to 7 to 14 days. Patients should consult their physician if they have questions or if these symptoms persist. The incidence
of these symptoms decreased markedly with subsequent doses of Reclast.
Administration of acetaminophen following Reclast administration may reduce the incidence of these symptoms.
Physicians should inform their patients that there have been reports of persistent pain and/or a non-healing sore of the
mouth or jaw, primarily in patients treated with bisphosphonates for other illnesses. During treatment with zoledronic acid,
patients should be instructed to maintain good oral hygiene and undergo routine dental check-ups. If they experience any
oral symptoms, they should immediately report them to their physician or dentist.
Severe and occasionally incapacitating bone, joint, and/or muscle pain have been infrequently reported in patients taking
bisphosphonates, including Reclast. Consider withholding future Reclast treatment if severe symptoms develop.
Atypical femur fractures in patients on bisphosphonate therapy have been reported; patients with thigh or groin pain
should be evaluated to rule out a femoral fracture.
T2020-62
MEDICATION GUIDE
Reclast
®
(RE-clast)
(zoledronic acid)
Injection
Read the Medication Guide that comes with Reclast before you start taking it and each time you
get a refill. There may be new information. This Medication Guide does not take the place of
talking with your doctor about your medical condition or treatment. Talk to your doctor if you
have any questions about Reclast.
What is the most important information I should know about Reclast?
You should not receive Reclast if you are already receiving Zometa. Both Reclast and
Zometa contain zoledronic acid.
Reclast can cause serious side effects, including:
1. Low calcium levels in your blood (hypocalcemia)
2. Severe kidney problems
3. Severe jaw bone problems (osteonecrosis)
4. Unusual thigh bone fractures
5. Bone, joint or muscle pain
1. Low calcium levels in your blood (hypocalcemia).
Reclast may lower the calcium levels in your blood. If you have low blood calcium before you
start taking Reclast, it may get worse during treatment. Your low blood calcium must be treated
before you take Reclast. Most people with low blood calcium levels do not have symptoms, but
some people may have symptoms. Call your doctor right away if you have symptoms of low
blood calcium, such as:
Spasms, twitches, or cramps in your muscles
Numbness or tingling in your fingers, toes, or around your mouth
Your doctor may prescribe calcium and vitamin D to help prevent low calcium levels in your
blood, while you take Reclast. Take calcium and vitamin D as your doctor tells you to.
2. Severe kidney problems.
Severe kidney problems may happen when you take Reclast. Severe kidney problems may lead
to hospitalization or kidney dialysis and can be life-threatening. Your risk of kidney problems is
higher if you:
already have kidney problems
take a diuretic or “water pill”
do not have enough water in your body (dehydrated) before or after you receive Reclast
are of advanced age since the risk increases as you get older
take any medicines known to harm your kidneys
You should drink at least 2 glasses of fluid within a few hours before receiving Reclast to reduce
the risk of kidney problems.
3. Severe jaw bone problems (osteonecrosis).
Severe jaw bone problems may happen when you take Reclast. Your doctor should examine your
mouth before you start Reclast. Your doctor may tell you to see your dentist before you start
Reclast. It is important for you to practice good mouth care during treatment with Reclast.
4. Unusual thigh bone fractures.
Some people have developed unusual fractures in their thigh bone. Symptoms of a fracture may
include new or unusual pain in your hip, groin, or thigh.
5. Bone, joint, or muscle pain.
Some people who take bisphosphonates develop severe bone, joint, or muscle pain.
Call your doctor right away if you have any of these side effects.
What is Reclast?
Reclast is a prescription medicine used to:
Treat or prevent osteoporosis in women after menopause. Reclast helps reduce the
chance of having a hip or spinal fracture (break).
Increase bone mass in men with osteoporosis.
Treat or prevent osteoporosis in either men or women who will be taking corticosteroid
medicines for at least one year.
Treat certain men and women who have Paget’s disease of the bone.
It is not known how long Reclast works for the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis. You
should see your doctor regularly to determine if Reclast is still right for you.
Reclast is not for use in children.
Who should not take Reclast?
Do not take Reclast if you:
Have low levels of calcium in your blood.
Have kidney problems.
Are allergic to zoledronic acid or any of its ingredients. A list of ingredients is at the end of
this leaflet.
What should I tell my doctor before taking Reclast?
Before you start Reclast, be sure to talk to your doctor if you:
Have low blood calcium.
Have kidney problems.
Had parathyroid or thyroid surgery (glands in your neck).
Have been told you have trouble absorbing minerals in your stomach or intestines
(malabsorption syndrome) or have had parts of your intestine removed
Have asthma (wheezing) from taking aspirin.
Plan to have dental surgery or teeth removed.
Are pregnant, or plan to become pregnant. Reclast should not be used if you are
pregnant. It is not known if Reclast can harm your unborn baby.
Are breastfeeding or plan to breastfeed. It is not known if Reclast passes into your milk
and may harm your baby. Tell your doctor about all the medicines you take,
including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements.
Certain medicines may affect how Reclast works.
Especially tell your doctor if you are taking:
An antibiotic. Certain antibiotic medicines called aminoglycosides may increase the effect
of Reclast in lowering your blood calcium for a long period of time.
A diuretic or “water pill”.
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIDS).
Ask your doctor or pharmacist for a list of these medicines, if you are not sure.
Know the medicines you take. Keep a list of them and show it to your doctor and pharmacist
each time you get a new medicine.
How will I receive Reclast?
Your doctor will tell you how often you will receive Reclast.
Reclast is given by infusion into your vein (intravenously). Your infusion should last at
least 15 minutes.
Before you receive Reclast, drink at least 2 glasses of fluid (such as water) within a few
hours as directed by your doctor.
You may eat before your treatment with Reclast.
If you miss a dose of Reclast, call your doctor or healthcare provider to schedule your
next dose.
What are the possible side effects of Reclast?
Reclast may cause serious side effects.
See “What is the most important information I should know about Reclast?”
The most common side effects of Reclast included:
Fever
Pain in your bones, joints or muscles
Pain in your arms and legs
Headache
Flu-like illness (fever, chills, bone, joint, or muscle pain, fatigue)
Nausea
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Talk to your doctor about things you can do to help decrease some of these side effects that
might happen with a Reclast infusion.
You may get allergic reactions, such as hives, swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.
Tell your doctor if you have any side effect that bothers you or that does not go away.
These are not all the possible side effects of Reclast. For more information, ask your doctor or
pharmacist.
Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to FDA at
1-800-FDA-1088.
General information about safe and effective use of Reclast.
Medicines are sometimes prescribed for purposes other than those listed in a Medication Guide.
This Medication Guide summarizes the most important information about Reclast. If you would
like more information, talk with your doctor. You can ask your doctor or pharmacist for
information about Reclast that is written for health professionals.
For more information, go to: www.novartis.us or call 1-888-669-6682.
What are the ingredients in Reclast?
Active ingredient: zoledronic acid monohydrate.
Inactive ingredients: mannitol and sodium citrate.
Distributed by:
Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation
East Hanover, New Jersey 07936
© Novartis
This Medication Guide has been approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Revised: April 2020
T2020-63
