Technical
guide for
furnishing &
design
1620x3240
12+ | 20+
06.2021 - EN
1620x3240
12+ | 20+
06.2021
Technical
guide for
furnishing &
design
- EN
I
ndex
Introduction 4
1| Technical information 5
1.1 One surface, a multitude of technical features 6

2| Packaging and packaging materials 13
3| Handling and storage 16
3.1 Moving A-Frames with a lift truck (forklift) 16
3.1.1 Loading/Unloading A-Frames on/from Lorries 17
3.1.2 Loading/Unloading A-Frames into/from Containers 18
3.2 Handling and Loading/Unloading Big A-Frames 19
3.3 Handling a single slab 21
3.4 Storing the Slabs 22
4|  
4.1 Dimensions 24
4.2 Thickness 25
4.3 Planarity 25
4.4 Shade 27
4.5 Surface Quality 27
4.6 Variations in graphics on materials 28
4.7 Labelling and marking 28
5| Guidelines for designing top surfaces and furnishing complements
 
5.1 Minimum distances from the edges 29
5.2 Internal Angles 29
5.3 Designing holes for sinks and hobs 30
5.3.1 Overtop Installation 32
5.3.2 Flush Installation 32
5.3.3 Undertop Installations 33
 
5.4 Creation of lowered areas in the countertop to place the sink 34
5.5 Creating a dripstone on Laminam countertops 35
5.6 Sinks Made in Laminam Ceramic 36
5.6.2 Making a sink with a tilted integrated drip catcher 38
5.6.3 Making a sink without a base pan 39
5.6.4 Making a sink with a base pan 39
5.6.5 Undertop integration of Laminam sink 39
5.6.6 Integration of Laminam sink at 45° with the countertop
40
5.6.7 Anchoring and handling of integrated sinks
40
5.7 Verifying the base units and supports for the countertop 41
5.7.1 Kitchen and bathroom countertops 41
5.8 Creating protruding parts and overhangs with Laminam 12+ and 20+ 42
5.9 Tables 43
5.10 Top joints and extensions 44
6|  
6.1 Processing Laminam 12+ and Laminam 20+ slabs 46
6.1.1 Orientation of slabs during processing 47
6.1.2 End of processing 48
6.2 Disc cutting 48
6.2.1 Cutting Scheme 48
6.2.2 Indications 50
6.2.3 Parameters 52
6.3 Water-jet Processing 52
6.3.1 Cutting Scheme 53
6.3.2 Parameters 55
6.4 Numerical Control Processing 56
6.4.1 Positioning Suction Pads 57
6.4.2 Flush Top Processing 58
6.4.3 Flush Top Processing 59
6.4.5 Cutting Parameters 60
6.6 Manual Processing 61
6.7 Cleaning after processing 62
7| Edges 63
7.1 Straight Edges and Bevels 63
7.2 Other types of edges 64
7.3 Bordo a 45° e Scatolati 64
7.4 IN-SIDE Edge Finish 66
7.5 Fibre Abrasion 66
8| Bonding laminam on other materials 67
9|
 
9.1 Packaging and transport 68
9.2 Installation 69
9.3 Cleaning after installation 71
10|  
11| 
12| 
13| References 76
 
I
ntroduction
Every Laminam XL ceramic slab is meticulously manufactured using the most innovative technology
available to the ceramic industry. This production line is carefully constructed to deliver precious
millimeters of additional usable surface area, allowing savvy manufacturers to expand their design
freedom. Available in the size 1620x3240 and thickness of 12,5 mm and 20,5 mm.
Laminam surfaces are designed to be used as horizontal furniture surfaces such as table-tops, bathroom
and kitchen countertops. Ceramic slabs constitute an alternative to materials like marble and stone,
which have higher costs and ecological impacts.
Due to their excellent technical performance levels, Laminam slabs are ideal for more delicate uses
which require maximum levels of hygiene and resistance. The aesthetic qualities and large slab size

Each slab is designed with natural and vibrant colors.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+4
1|
Technical information
Distinctive Values of Laminam 12+ e Laminam 20+
Laminam 12+ and Laminam 20 + are slabs in porcelain stoneware in the respective thicknesses of 12,5 mm and
20,5 mm full-body in XL size 1620x3240 mm.





> Bathroom and interior design sector: surfaces for bathrooms and kitchens, tables, furnishing complements.
 


Porcelain stoneware obtained by wet-grinding clay, granite and metamorphic rock raw materials together
with a feldspar component and ceramic pigments.


Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 5
1
.1 One surface, a multitude of technical features*

Laminam is simple, fast and easy to clean. Laminam has no special maintenance requirements as time goes by;
generally speaking, all you need to clean the surface is warm water and a neutral detergent.

Laminam surfaces are ideal for application in places where maximux hygiene is needed.

Laboratory tests have proven that Laminam is totally compatible with foodstus.
Resistant to mould and fungi
Laminam does not allow mould, bacteria or fungi to grow.
Impervious surface
Laminam surface porosity is average 0,1%.

Laminam is frost resistant and suitable for any weather condition, thanks to its low average water absorption
(0,1%).

Laminam is not subject to dimensional variations of any signicance, as it has a low coecient of thermal
expansion.

Laminam can be used both for interior and exterior décor. Weathering exposure does not damage or alter
surfaces.
Resistant to heat and high temperatures
The ceramic surface does not contain any organic materials and so its surface is not altered in case of direct
contact with very hot items in the kitchen, like pots and pans, and high temperatures, without any alterations.
Resistant to staining**
Laminam is not aected by prolonged contact with products commonly found in the kitchen that can cause
staining, such as wine, coee, olive oil or lemon juice, and its colour or shine will not be aected permanently.

Laminam resiste al contatto prolungato con i detergenti reperibili in commercio per la pulizia della casa,
inclusi sgrassatori e anticalcare. Si pulisce con estrema facilità mantenendo inalterate le caratteristiche della
supercie.

Laminam is not aected by organic and inorganic solvents, chemical and disinfectants. The only chemical that
can damage ceramics is hydrouoric acid.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+6

Laminam slabs are resistant to thermal shock in both indoor and outdoor environments.

The ceramic surface of Laminam is not aected by long-term humidity exposure.

Laminam surface is not aected by exposure to UV light and will preserve its original good looks throughout its
lifetime.

Laminam has a high modulus of rupture.

Laminam is resistant to scratching and deep abrasion. Its properties do not change even if it is subjected to
intensive use and frequent cleaning.

Laminam is a product made of 100% natural materials. It does not release any elements into the environment
and can be easily milled and recycled in other manufacturing processes.
* For the surface properties of the individual nishes, see technical data sheets at the end of the catalogue
** On Lucidato surfaces, stubborn stains must be removed quickly
*** On Lucidato surfaces, very aggressive detergents (such as bleach) must be removed quickly
**** Laminam slabs with Lucidato nishes, are resistant to deep abrasion, but less resistant to supercial scratches. However,
Lucidato surfaces still oer a similar or a better performance than other natural and articial materials used to make horizontal
furnishing surfaces.
***** Valid for IN-SIDE technology
IN-SIDE plus
The IN-SIDE technology combines advanced technical performance in terms of resistance and durability of
Laminam surfaces with aesthetic qualities that further respond to the requirements of the furnishing and
architectural industries. Body and surface continuity even after cutting, drilling, edging *****
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 7
T
echnical specications - furniture
industry
* Value relative to the ceramic body only
The unique features of Laminam products do not allow for a perfect comparison with ceramic tiles. The test results are therefore only indicative and not binding.

properties
  
density
EN 14617-1
ASTM C97
2500 kg/m
3
(average value)
2500 kg/m
3
(average value)
water absorption EN 14617-1 average value ≤ 0,1% * average value ≤ 0,1% *
bending strength EN 14617-2 50 MPa (average value) 50 MPa (average value)
freeze and thaw resistance EN 14617-5 resistant resistant
dry heat resistance
EN 12722
EN 438-2 par.16
5 (no visible eect till 200°C) 5 (no visible eect till 200°C)
chemical resistance ISO 10545-13 from class A to B from class A to C
chemical resistance ASTM C650 resistant
resistant (except potassium hydroxide)
cold liquid resistance EN 12720 5 no visible eect except ink (2) from class 5 to 2
cleaner product resistance PTP 53 CATAS 5 no visible eect from class 5 to 3
abrasion resistance EN 14617-4 28,0 mm 28,0 mm
hygiene properties
Metodo
CATAS
excellent (high degree of removal of bacterial
cells >99% after cleaning with a biocide-free
detergent)
excellent (high degree of removal of
bacterial cells >99% after cleaning with a
biocide-free detergent)
resistance to fungi ASTM G21 no fungal growth no fungal growth
lead and cadmium given o ISO 10545-15 0 mg/dm
3
0 mg/dm
3
overall migration UNI EN 1186 0 mg/dm^2 no signicant migration 0 mg/dm^2 no signicant migration
VOC emission UNI EN 16000-9 class A+ french class A+ french
shock resistance
ISO 4211-4
EN 14617-9
no damage to ball drop 400mm
average value 3 J
no damage to ball drop 400mm
average value 3 J
light resistance UNI EN 15187 5 no visible eect 5 no visible eect
thermal shock resistance EN 14617-6 resistant resistant
resistance to staining ASTM C1378 resistant resistant (except ink and methylene blue)
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+8
T
echnical specications - furniture
industry
* Value relative to the ceramic body only
The unique features of Laminam products do not allow for a perfect comparison with ceramic tiles. The test results are therefore only indicative and not binding.

properties





Full Size:
“length and width” nominal size:
1620x3240mm size / (63.7”x 127.5”)
Laminam
minimum size:
≥ 1630x3250mm
full size untrimmed
minimum size:
≥ 1630x3250mm
full size untrimmed
weight Laminam average value 30 kg/m² average value 30 kg/m²
surface quality /
% pieces with no visible aws
ISO 10545-2 > 95% > 95%
water absorption
ISO 10545-3 /
ASTM C373
average value ≤ 0,1% * average value ≤ 0,1% *
breaking strength in N ISO 10545-4
> 4000 *
(sample dimensions 400x800 mm)
> 4000 *
(sample dimensions 400x800 mm)
modulus of rupture in N / mm² ISO 10545-4
average value 50 *
(sample dimensions 400x800 mm)
average value 50 *
(sample dimensions 400x800 mm)
resistance to deep abrasion ISO 10545-6 ≤ 175 mm
3
≤ 175 mm
3
coecient of linear thermal
expansion / 10
-6
/°C
ISO 10545-8 6,6 average value * 6,6 average value *
resistance to thermal shock ISO 10545-9 resistant * resistant *
chemical resistance ISO 10545-13 class: from A to B class: from A to C
stain resistance ISO 10545-14 class: from 4 to 5 class: from 2 to 5
resistant to freeze-thaw ISO 10545-12 resistant * resistant *
re reaction EN 13501 (rev. 2005) A2 - s1,d0 A2 - s1,d0
overall migration UNI EN 1186 0 mg/dm^2 no signicant migration no signicant migration
VOC emission UNI EN 16000-9 class A+ french class A+ french
shock resistance ISO 4211-4 no damage to ball drop 400mm no damage to ball drop 400mm
light resistance UNI EN 15187 5 no visible eect 5 no visible eect
thermal shock resistance EN 14617-6 resistant resistant
resistance to staining ASTM C1378 resistant
resistant (except ink and methylene
blue)
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 9
* Value relative to the ceramic body only
The unique features of Laminam products do not allow for a perfect comparison with ceramic tiles. The test results are therefore only indicative and not binding.vincolanti
T
echnical specications - furniture
industry

properties
  
density
EN 14617-1
ASTM C97
2500 kg/m
3
(average value)
2500 kg/m
3
(average value)
water absorption EN 14617-1 average value ≤ 0,1% * average value ≤ 0,1% *
bending strength EN 14617-2 50 MPa (average value) 50 MPa (average value)
freeze and thaw resistance EN 14617-5 resistant resistant
dry heat resistance
EN 12722
EN 438-2 par.16
5 (no visible eect till 200°C) 5 (no visible eect till 200°C)
chemical resistance ISO 10545-13 from class A to B from class A to C
chemical resistance ASTM C650 resistant
resistant (except potassium hydroxide)
cold liquid resistance EN 12720 5 no visible eect except ink (2) from class 5 to 2
cleaner product resistance PTP 53 CATAS 5 no visible eect from class 5 to 3
abrasion resistance EN 14617-4 28,0 mm 28,0 mm
hygiene properties
Metodo
CATAS
excellent (high degree of removal of bacterial
cells >99% after cleaning with a biocide-free
detergent)
excellent (high degree of removal of
bacterial cells >99% after cleaning with a
biocide-free detergent)
resistance to fungi ASTM G21 no fungal growth no fungal growth
lead and cadmium given o ISO 10545-15 0 mg/dm
3
0 mg/dm
3
overall migration UNI EN 1186 0 mg/dm^2 no signicant migration 0 mg/dm^2 no signicant migration
VOC emission UNI EN 16000-9 class A+ french class A+ french
shock resistance
ISO 4211-4
EN 14617-9
no damage to ball drop 400mm
average value 3 J
no damage to ball drop 400mm
average value 3 J
light resistance UNI EN 15187 5 no visible eect 5 no visible eect
thermal shock resistance EN 14617-6 resiste / resistant resistant
resistance to staining ASTM C1378 resistant resistant (except ink and methylene blue)
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+10
* Value relative to the ceramic body only
The unique features of Laminam products do not allow for a perfect comparison with ceramic tiles. The test results are therefore only indicative and not binding.
T
echnical specications - furniture
industry

properties

method




Full Size:
“length and width” nominal size:
1620x3240mm size / (63.7”x 127.5”)
Laminam
minimum size:
≥ 1630x3250mm
full size untrimmed
minimum size:
≥ 1630x3250mm
full size untrimmed
weight Laminam average value 50,4 kg/m² average value 50,4 kg/m²
surface quality /
% pieces with no visible aws
ISO 10545-2 > 95% > 95%
water absorption
ISO 10545-3 /
ASTM C373
average value ≤ 0,1% * average value ≤ 0,1% *
breaking strength in N ISO 10545-4
> 10000 *
(sample dimensions 400x800 mm)
> 10000 *
(sample dimensions 400x800 mm)
modulus of rupture in N / mm² ISO 10545-4
average value 50 *
(sample dimensions 400x800 mm)
average value 50 *
(sample dimensions 400x800 mm)
resistance to deep abrasion ISO 10545-6 ≤ 175 mm
3
≤ 175 mm
3
coecient of linear thermal
expansion / 10
-6
/°C
ISO 10545-8 6,6 average value * 6,6 average value *
resistance to thermal shock ISO 10545-9 resistant * resistant *
chemical resistance ISO 10545-13 class: from A to B class: from A to C
stain resistance ISO 10545-14 class: from 4 to 5 class: from 2 to 5
resistant to freeze-thaw ISO 10545-12 resistant * resistant *
re reaction EN 13501 (rev. 2005) A2 - s1,d0 A2 - s1,d0
overall migration UNI EN 1186 0 mg/dm^2 no signicant migration 0 mg/dm^2 no signicant migration
VOC emission UNI EN 16000-9 class A+ french class A+ french
shock resistance
ISO 4211-4
EN 14617-9
no damage to ball drop 400mm
average value 3 J
no damage to ball drop 400mm
average value 3 J
light resistance UNI EN 15187 5 no visible eect 5 no visible eect
thermal shock resistance EN 14617-6 resistant resistant
resistance to staining ASTM C1378 resistant resistant (except ink and methylene blue)
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 11


Kitchen
Laminam Showroom Fiorano
In-Side,
Pordo Marrone Naturale
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+12
2|
Packaging and packaging materials
Laminam 12+ and 20+ Full Size 1620X3240 slabs are packaged and positioned vertically on IPPC_FAO “A
Frames” in galvanised metal.
760
3241
3280
1148
1148
573
573
46
73
1780
B B
A
96
A A A
194 194
96
3241
760
A A
B
B
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 13
For transport in 20’ containers, Laminam 12+ and 20+ Full Size 1620X3240 slabs can be packaged on Big A

greater number of slabs.
* Untrimmed end product.
Laminam slabs are packaged with a thin layer of wax placed between the slabs in order to protect the surfaces.
Before processing the slab, we suggest removing the wax with a wooden spreader and denatured alcohol.
sizes /mm    


63.7”x127.7”
20 105 3310




63.7”x127.7”
12 63 3335


sizes /mm    


63.7”x127.7”
120 630 19011

129.13”x87.4”x69.09h”


63.7”x127.7”
72 378 19351

129.13”x87.4”x69.09h”
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+14
Below are examples of loading schemes for Laminam 12+ and Laminam 20+ slabs, which can vary depending

regulations in the destination country.
* Untrimmed end product.



*

  
 3
   
Sqm for loading 315  
   



*

  
 3
 36  
Sqm for loading  567 567
   



*



 1
 
Sqm for loading 633
 



*



1
 
Sqm for loading 
 
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 15
B
B
A
A
A
A
A-frame forked in grab point B,
using long forks at least 2800 mm
A-Frame inforcato dal punto di presa A
with a space in-between of at least 740mm
3|
Handling and storage
Laminam 1620x3240mm slabs must be handled under safe conditions and in such a way as to preserve their
original appearance and prevent accidental breakage. We recommend extreme care during handling phases to
ensure that the area is clear and people are not walking through.
3
.1 Moving A-Frames with a lift truck (forklift)
Before the handling phase, the A-frame must be loaded symmetrically to avoid problems of instability.The

handling process. It is important to be very careful when handling the material because the outer edges of
slabs loaded onto the A-frames are not protected.
A-frames have two grab points for handling with the lift truck:
“A” is the transversal grab point; center distance of at least 740mm.
“B” is the longitudinal grab point.
Use a lift truck with a suitable maximum load capacity. Laminam slabs loaded on A-frames in the warehouse
or at the manufacturer must be handled preferably using the “A” transversal grab point. This means loading
the A-frame on the lift truck on the 3240mm side, using forks that are at least 1200 mm long and a lift truck
with a capacity of at least 5000 Kg. If instead it is decided to use the “B” grab point, it will be necessary to use
a lift truck with a capacity of 5000 Kg with forks extending at least 2800 mm in length. Make sure that the
load is balanced and stable on the forks and that it does not sway. During the loading and unloading phases,
from the lorry and the container, insert the forks under the A-frame with the help of the two grab points “A”

even one single slab, secure the slab(s) to the A-frame with hoops/bands in cloth or plastic. Do not use metal
chains to secure the slab. Before freeing the material from the hoops that secure it to the A-frame, make sure
that the A-frame is positioned on a level surface to avoid any risk of the slabs falling.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+16
3
.1.1 Loading/Unloading A-Frames on/from Lorries
To load or unload slabs on a lorry with an openable bed, position the lift truck forks under the A-frame in the
two “A” grab points with a center
distance of at least 740 mm.
Use forks with a minimum length
of 1200 mm to and place the
A-frame in a central position on
the lorry.
To safely transport slabs on lorries,
fasten the A-frames to the lorry
bed by securing them at the base
of the wooden platform and also
at the tallest point of the metal
structure. Use suitable straps in
polyester or similar materials to
secure the A-frames. To load other
rows of A-frames, make sure the
distance between the slabs is at
least 50 mm.
Before unloading, always check
to see how the A-frames were

remove those blocks.
When loading and unloading,
the operator must pay attention
to people in the surrounding
areas and avoid instability of the
load. For this reason, the load
must always be kept low during
transport and raised only when it
is near enough to the lorry to be
loaded.
Below is an example of loading an
A-frame on a standard lorry 13.60
m in length.
50 mm
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 17
3
.1.2 Loading/Unloading A-Frames into/from Containers
Use a pallet mover or lift truck with 5000 kg capacity, with extensions of a minimum length of 2.80 m during
the loading and unloading phases of the material if using a container. The operator handles the full A-frame,
picking it up and lifting it from the two “B” grab points.
When loading, verify the correct stability of the material, and tie and fasten the A-frames together and to the

airbags.

those blocks. Outside the container, always handle the material by lifting the A-frames with the “A” grab
points.
B
B
B
B
B
B
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+18
3
.2 Handling and Loading/Unloading Big A-Frames
The Big A-frame is directly assembled inside 20’ containers by Laminam personnel. The central nucleus of
the A-Frame is made up of three metal elements set at equal distances apart by tubular pieces. At the base of
these elements, two wooden platforms marked FAO are prepared where the slabs will be placed.
To preserve the integrity of the slabs during transport, wooden elements called “stoppers” are positioned on
the front and rear of the container to keep the slabs from moving in a longitudinal direction. To limit transversal

sides of the A-frame.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 19
The slabs are packaged and loaded in groups of ten for 12+ and of six for 20+. To load/unload these groups of
slabs, it is necessary to use lifting equipment with straps similar to the photo below, mounted on a lift truck
with a 7000 Kg capacity. Alternatively, a crane can be used with a lifting arm that is usually used for handling
marble slabs.
These groups of slabs must be loaded symmetrically to keep the structure balanced and to place 20 for 12+
and 12 for 20+. Place a 2 cm sheet of polystyrene between the slabs to allow the straps to be inserted during
the unloading phase.
To increase safety and stability of the container, the groups of slabs must be tied together with hoops. When
unloading, we suggest using a similar tool and the same operative method to avoid unbalanced loads and
accidental breakage.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+20
3
.3 Handling a single slab
When removing the Laminam Full Size 1620x3240 12+ and 20+ slabs from the A-frames, it is necessary to
alternate sides for greater safety. Removing one slab from one side and the next slab from the other keeps the
load symmetrical and more stable.
To move one single Laminam slab and position it on a rack or a machine that will process it, it is possible to
use suction pad lifting equipment with several grab points supported by an overhead travelling crane or a jib
crane, depending on the weight of the individual slab.
The single slab can also be moved with cloth straps coated in rubber. Never use chains or steel cable because
these materials can damage the ceramics. In fact, chains and steel would scratch the surfaces of polished
materials and could leave steel residue on natural materials which would then require careful cleaning.
If handling with grippers, insert rubber grip covers to protect polished Laminam slabs.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 21
3
.4 Storing the Slabs
               
racks, suitably constructed and with protective structures in wood, rubber or plastic where the slabs will be
positioned vertically. The A-frame used for packaging the Laminam slabs can also be used to store them.
Safely store the material using dedicated wedges or belts to prevent sliding.
If stored outside, it is advisable to make sure that the stability of the A-frame is guaranteed in case of harsh
weather. The slabs set vertically on the A-frames will bend slightly when they are set down. This is not a
defect of the product and does not compromise processing in any way. This bending disappears when the
slab is set on a horizontal surface.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+22
Regardless of the storage method, we advise not setting other materials on top of Laminam slabs, especially

appropriate spacers.


slabs during their handling at a later time
Wax spacers
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 23
4|
Quality Control on Laminam 12+
and Laminam 20+
The Laminam 12+ and Laminam 20+ slabs are made of natural raw materials and carefully produced and
selected in accordance with the high quality standards that Laminam S.p.A has set as objectives.
The manufacturer (slab processer) must inspect the slab before beginning processing operations and after
careful cleaning of the surface under inspection.
Any nonconformities that emerge must be reported before the slab is processed.
Laminam S.p.A will not accept defect reports or claims after the slab has been processed and/or installed.
4
.1 Dimensions
The term “Full Size” means that the slab has ended the production cycle without being trimmed. This is the
size destined to be processed, because it gives manufacturers the opportunity to optimize their possible
cutting schemes depending on the project.
The size with dimensions 1620x3240 mm can be obtained from each slab, which corresponds to the useable
surface area and the billable quantity.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+24
4
.2 Thickness
Laminam 12+ Laminam 20+
   
Tolerance / Tolerance /
4
.3 Planarity
To verify planarity, position the single Laminam slab with the decorated face turned upwards on a reference
surface, for example in metal, which is perfectly horizontal and stable.
Do not check planarity when the slab is in a vertical position because it will bend. The max 2mm tolerance
refers to a full size slab and also to non-standard sizes which have been cut from a full size slab.
Laminam 12+
Planarità
Laminam 20+
Planarità
     
     
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 25
1620
1620
3240
3240
Convex planarity must be measured with an aluminum rod held parallel with one of the sides to verify. It is

If the thickness gauge does not pass underneath, there is no problem with planarity.


is no problem with planarity.
Straight edge

Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+26
4
.4 Shade
Laminam 12+ and Laminam 20+ slabs are produced from natural raw materials and obtained through an
industrial process. Even though they are not subjected to important aesthetic variations like natural stones,
the type of raw material used to manufacture them ensures that there are minimal chromatic variations. The

shades, thus guaranteeing that the product always be within the company’s predetermined tolerance margins.

     



necessary to verify the uniformity in shade to build projects that require the use of several slabs. Each shade is

in the warehouse and supply the shade closest to the slabs purchased previously.
4
.5 Surface Quality

(> 1200°C). These conditions can cause the formation of irregularities typical of natural products. Some of
these characteristics can be considered as covered by the tolerance, but others will cause the slab to be
declassed.




backlighting) at a distance of not less than 1 m.
Q1– rst choice
This category includes Laminam slabs that comply with the following surface tolerances:
 
 Radius: 1 mm



Q2 – second choice
Anything that does not make the Q1 category except for cracks/broken angles greater than 20 cm. This
material is declassed to 2nd pick (Q2).
*Irregularities are: dots, roughness, holes/hollows.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 27
4
.6 Variations in graphics on materials
Each series of Laminam products is made in one or more graphics. Slabs with the same graphics present
minimal deviations of pattern symmetry, which mimic the characteristic variety present in natural materials.
This feature could be more evident in the graphics that represent veining.
In the series that feature book match, at the same level of centering, the tolerance in the graphics between
slabs ranges within 3cm, except for when the manufacturer obtains a better result by verifying the point of
cutting and joining the slabs.
4
.7 Labelling and marking


The website URL www.laminam.com is also on the label, where technical information about the product
               
information can be found within the label’s QRcode.
The following references are printed on one of the short sides of the slab to enable slab recognition during
warehouse storage: item code, shade, choice, serial number (only for Q1) and item description.
Es.: F009913 815_B Q1 B12420886007 I NAT.ARDESIA NERO A SPACCO 1620X3240 XL Lam. 20+
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+
28
5|
Guidelines for designing top surfaces
and furnishing complements with
Laminam 12+ and Laminam 20+ slabs
5
.1 Minimum distances from the edges
Always design kitchen countertops with a minimum of 50mm from the external edge in the presence of holes
and cutouts. The same minimum distance must be kept also with adjacent openings.
min 50 mm
min 30 mm
min 30 mm
min 50 mm
min 50 mm
5
.2 Internal Angles

mm, to distribute stresses, like which processing natural stone, marble and composite stone

The creation of internal 90° angles is not advisable. Like for all
rigid materials such as marble, natural stone, composite quartz,
and glass, it may be done under the responsibility of the operator
on the basis of his/her own experience, with processes that the
operator has tested and deems suitable.
This processing increases the possibilities of crazing during the
phases of handling, manufacturing, transport and installation of

base units.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 29
5
.3 Designing holes for sinks and hobs
Processing Laminam 12+ and 20+ slabs to obtain holes for the placement of sinks or appliances must be done
only after careful assessments of the processing measurements shown on the technical sheet of the product
to install, depending on the installation method.
A minimum distance of at least 2 mm is required between the hob and the Laminam slab, to accommodate
thermal expansion, unless a greater distance is envisaged by the appliance manufacturer. The gap must be

2 mm
2 mm
2 mm
Max 4mm x 12+
Max 8mm x 20+
Stove installed on countertop
Silicone or gasket
Stove


Silicone or gasket
Silicone or gasket
Stove


with adhesive tape
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+30
With regard to the project (such as in case of repeated grooves close together), assess the possible need
for reinforcing the perimeter of the cutout by applying a Laminam slat with a suitable adhesive under the
countertop.
If the base unit has sliding drawers, these supports
must be suitably shaped to allow them to slide
properly.

to the unit structure to hold the weight of the slab and the water that it can contain, so that it will not be
dependent on the slab.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 31

5
.3.1 Overtop Installation
This is a simpler, more traditional type of installation, which involves having a protruding edge a few millimeters
wide overlapping the countertop.
5
.3.2 Flush Installation
           
Laminam 12+ slab and 6/8 millimeters on the Laminam 20+ slab.
The depth of the hole varies depending on the thickness of the edge of the sink or hob to install in the
countertop. This is a practical solution for cleaning, but it requires more care during assembly.
1 mm
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+32
5
.3.3 Undertop Installations
Used for sinks, this solution makes it possible to have surface uniformity on the countertop because there is no
edge. To increase the resistance of the Laminam 12+/20+ slab edge near the hole, make a bevel of at least 2mm.
Consider that rounded bevels guarantee greater resistance to shock.
This type allows the use of Laminam sinks made as per indications in the following paragraph.
This solution facilitates cleaning and hygiene of the countertop, given the absence of protrusions that can
trap dust and dirt.
5
.3.4 Installation with 45° tting
The 45° integration of the countertop with the sink is possible when the sink is made of Laminam material, as
indicated in the subsequent paragraph 5.6. It requires holes at 90°, and all indications listed in the paragraph
5.2 remain valid.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 33
5
.4 Creation of lowered areas in the countertop to place the sink
Some counters are designed so that the area around the sink is lower than the top surface.To avoid mounting
slats horizontally to compensate for the two heights, we suggest limiting the lower depth to 8mm for 12mm
slabs and 12mm for 20mm slabs.
This method allows the lowered part of the countertop to remain horizontal, and therefore the perimeter
around the sink can contain the dispersion of liquid without spilling over onto the rest of the top.
12
20
12
8
In this lowered portion, it is possible to mount any type of sink in all methods described above. To guarantee
the correct installation of this type of top on all kitchen base units, it will probably be necessary to adapt the

reinforcement, a suitable lightweight material (like Eulite) can be installed to restore a horizontal area to apply
directly to the kitchen base units.




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5
.5 Creating a dripstone on Laminam countertops
Near the sink cutout, it is possible to make drip catcher
channels with a suitable grade to make the water drain


on disk machines.
       
characteristics as the slab.
For this reason, the surface which has been subjected

and stain resistance. On these portions, Laminam does not guarantee the level of performance listed in the
technical sheets.
The manufacturer is responsible for applying the treatment with a suitable product, after having run the proper

inform the client about which treatments must be applied subsequently to maintain performance levels.
The use of these products could cause the slab shade to vary slightly.

overall product compatibility.
Please consult the Technical Sheets of the manufacturer for instructions about the correct application of the
selected product.
Producer
Protective product for edges and


 Stop Dirt 
 Ager 
Akemi




Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 35
5
.6 Sinks Made in Laminam Ceramic
A sink made in the same surface material as the countertop is a functional, practical aesthetic solution that
harmoniously integrates the sink with the rest of the architecture and design of the kitchen where it is installed.
There are several methods for building a sink in Laminam ceramic, which vary from manufacturer to
              

several levels, and therefore also sinks.
Below, a few of the more popular methods are described, requested for their high level of artisan craftsmanship.
Manufacturers can guarantee these methods exclusively because they are an expression of each artisan’s
own experience. This information provides a rough indication and is not binding.
Since the manufacturer must guarantee the sink and considering the particular nature of the processing and
the high level of artisan craftsmanship necessary, we suggest making mock ups and subjecting them to the

transport and installation, and attention to all attachment points that must guarantee stability over time.5.6.1
Making the sink bottom

allow correct cleaning.
Sink bottoms can be made:
With a single removable piece of slab when
      
into a containment tank.

shaped and glued together to create the right slant
towards the drain.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+36
By abrading a portion of slab to form the base for setting the sink walls and the correct slope towards the
designed drain point.

including veins present in the thickness.
              
compared to the original slab, without this being considered a defect. For a uniform internal sink surface,
repeat the process also on the vertical areas, if necessary.
For Laminam 20+, we suggest creating a min. 5 mm rounded connection between the perimeter portion
forming the base of the walls and the rest of the bottom, to ensure easy cleaning.
12 mm
8 mm
12 mm
R 5mm
20 mm
20 mm
12 mm
From this edge to the drain point, the bottom slab will be abraded to give it the right slope. This processing is
generally done with a technique that has already been used to shape natural stone, using tools and parameters
that are suitable for stoneware.
               
characteristics of non-absorbency and stain resistance as indicated in paragraph 5.5. On these portions,
Laminam does not guarantee the level of performance listed in the technical sheets.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 37
5
.6.2 Making a sink with a tilted integrated drip catcher
Both types of basins created in Laminam ceramic, in the two methods described below, can be integrated
with an inclined portion of slab that functions as a drip catcher and is joined to the rest of the countertop.
Inclining a portion of slab directly instead of abrading it to create a slope, or creating inclined channels (large
grooves), will maintain the surface characteristics of the material intact.
             
must be done exclusively by companies with extensive experience in these processes. It is necessary to pay
particular attention to the kitchen countertop and base units to guarantee the correct installation of the sink
and the consequent resistance level.
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5
.6.3 Making a sink without a base pan
It is possible to make a sink by gluing together pieces of suitably shaped Laminam 12+ and 20+ slabs. This
method usually does not include a containment tank in another material, and therefore must directly guarantee
watertightness and water drainage, through the correct bonding and slope of the component portions.
5
.6.4 Making a sink with a base pan
Another advisable method for making a sink in Laminam ceramic consists in cladding a base pan that is
anchored to the countertop and has the right slope to guarantee water drainage.
Using a base pan guarantees further watertightness and functions as a support for the individual portions of
shaped slab that form the sink.
This method makes it possible to make a sink with a readily serviceable drain, and therefore without having to
be watertight. The base pan provides that function.
Pieces of Laminam 12 and 20 slabs of the same type used to make the countertop can be bonded to the base
pan, but it is also possible to use slabs 5.6mm thick to reduce the weight of the sink.

they guarantee less shock resistance.

as for example, models in steel. The slab portions must be glued to the base pan with full spread of adhesive,
without leaving empty parts, and using a glue that is suitable for the material.
5
.6.5 Undertop integration of Laminam sink
In this type of installation, the sink basin is mounted under the top following the instructions given if paragraph
5.3.3, and therefore the edge of the top is visible in the sink. Even if the internal cladding of the basin is
assembled at 90°, this solution allows tops to be made with radiused angles on the cutout, which guarantee
greater resistance
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 39
5
.6.6 Integration of Laminam sink at 45° with the countertop
This type of application involves the sides of the Laminam ceramic sink being joined at 45° angles with the
kitchen countertop to ensure maximum continuity and the best aesthetic result.

only by specialized manufacturers that are able to guarantee the work, after having run all the tests deemed
necessary.
The joint between the sink walls and the countertop should have a bevel of at least 2mm.
5
.6.7 Anchoring and handling of integrated sinks
Sinks made with these methods are sometimes supplied by the manufacturer preassembled with the
countertops. Other times, they are assembled when the kitchen is installed. Since they are quite heavy, in
addition to reinforcing the perimeter of the cutout in the countertop, it is important to pay close attention
to the supports placed underneath the sink, as described in the paragraph 5.3, to prevent the weight of the
sink from being supported completely by the countertop. The sink can be anchored to the countertop with



Sink
Supporting slat
Glue Glue


Sink
Bushing
Glue
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+40
5
.7 Verifying the base units and supports for the countertop
5
.7.1 Kitchen and bathroom countertops
Since the counter is the top surface of the furniture that forms the base of the kitchen or the bathroom, it
is fundamental that the design process include checking to make sure that the supports are suitable and

Surfaces made of Laminam 12+ and 20+ slabs can be supported by transversal bases without other supports,
up to a maximum center distance of 1200mm.
When the countertop has cutouts for inserting sinks or hobs, reinforcements must be inserted between the
transversal bases to support the weight of that portion of the top, while preventing it from being supported
only by the perimeter parts of the holes. Crazing could result from failure to provide adequate support.
Generally speaking, in kitchens with doors that open and disappear, a “groove” or “recess” is inserted under
the top, along the entire front of the kitchen. This feature normally guarantees perfect levelling between the
kitchen base units, and a reinforcement where there are cutouts on the countertop.
The cutouts for a sink and hob inserted into an island unit must also be supported along the entire perimeter.
MAX 1200 mm
The manufacturer can mount reinforcements underneath a countertop which is designed to set on base units
that are very far apart, or which requires greater resistance for reasons linked to dimensions, logistics, or other
factors.
These reinforcements will normally be made from slats obtained from Laminam 12+ or 20+ slabs (ideal

rigid foam. All reinforcements must be installed with glue/silicone products with suitable horizontal elasticity
to compensate for possible expansion between the two products.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 41
5
.8 Creating protruding parts and overhangs with Laminam 12+ and 20+
Laminam 12+ and 20+ slabs have been tested with a precise static load of 100 kg applied at a distance of 50
mm from the external edge of the protruding part without using substrates. When there is a protruding part,
pay particular attention to anchor the countertops to the bases, whether mechanically or using an adhesive, in

near the holes.
Given below are the maximum values of protruding parts suggested for Laminam 12+/20+ with unit width
600-3240 mm.
Laminam 12+ O max 350 mm
Laminam 20+ O max 450 mm
The part of the countertop placed on a protruding part must guarantee a depth free of holes that are at least
equal to the protruding part, with the sole exception of the circular hole for taps.
D4
O
O

D2
D1
D3
W

O = Protruding wall






O = Protruding wall





D1
D2
D3
O

W
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+42
D3
O
D2
D1
W
S<O
D1

the protruding part cannot at least correspond to that of the protruding part, the kitchen base requires a

stable countertop and prevent bending.

O = Protruding wal





5
.9 Tables

recessing anchoring, with an indicative maximum depth of 6 mm. Alternatively, depending on the table frame
and the designated use, e.g. indoor or outdoor, it is also possible to use Velcro or adhesives (such as epoxy).
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 43
✓

where the diagonal cuts meet.


✓

5
.10 Top joints and extensions




if they do not, the lower part of the visible edge can be abraded to make them uniform.


must be made from the same slab to provide continuity, so that the extensions have the same graphics and
shade continuity.
This also allows you to create continuity between the tabletop and the extension leaves in case of small
deviations that are still within tolerance limits.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+44

The design of “L” shaped surfaces made in a single piece is advisable only if the base units that will support the
surfaces are perfectly plane, levelled and structurally solid and stable.
The pieces described above require very delicate handling. It is crucial to pay close attention during the
handling, packaging and installation phases to avoid movements or twisting that could damage the surface
and cause it to break.
The inside corner of single-piece L-shaped tops must have a minimum radius of 5 mm.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 45
6|
Laminam processing
6
.1 Processing Laminam 12+ and Laminam 20+ slabs
Laminam can be processed with machines for materials like natural and composite stone, marble and glass.
Before beginning a cut, verify the maintenance status of the machine you are planning to use, in particular:
• The worktop must be solid, resistant, clean and free from defects.
• The worktop must be perfectly planar and level.
• No irregularities must be present on the worktop, and it must be free from debris from previous jobs.
• The tool must be suitable for processing porcelain stoneware and in good condition.
The operating parameters, in the ranges indicated in this guide, are suggested by machinery and tool producers
and operators in the sector after tests on our materials. However, these parameters are purely an indication


Therefore, we advise each operator to do preliminary tests on samples before making cuts or starting
processing operations, in order to properly test and program the machine and tools that they have available.

a wrong feed rate, wrong pressure during the operation, or wrong tool rotation speed. Other causes could
be imperfect planarity of the supporting surface, subjecting the slab to movements or vibrations during
operations, or an incorrect choice of a cutting disk or tool..
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+46
6
.1.1 Orientation of slabs during processing
It is advisable to plan processing operations for countertops with cutouts and openings to be positioned in the
central part of the Laminam 12+ and Laminam 20+ slab.
✓ ✓
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 47
6
.1.2 End of processing
At the end of each processing operation and before the piece is dry, thoroughly clean the surface with clean water.

Given the characteristics of this type of surface, avoid contact or dragging with metal objects.

is handled, in particular if there are openings or internal holes and cutouts. Use suction pad lifting equipment

As an alternative, handle the slab manually in a vertical position and be very careful to avoid torsion.
6
.2 Disc cutting
To cut the slab, use diamond cutting discs suitable for processing porcelain stoneware, which are in good
condition, on industry approved machinery.Both segmented and non-segmented blades can be used.
The advancement of the slab in the cutting process must be in the same direction as the disk rotation.The cut
takes place through the erosion of the width proportional to the width of the disk.
6
.2.1 Cutting Scheme
Laminam “Full Size” slabs have untrimmed external edges. Start cutting by trimming the edges to make them
square.


Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+48
If you need to obtain a trimmed 1620x3240mm size from a “full size” 1620X3240mm slab, set the disk path to
center this size at the center of the “full size” slab.
1620 mm
3240 mm
Here is an example of a cutting scheme that can be done with a disk cutting process.
If you want to protect the piece of slab not being used to make the table or countertop, move the part above
4th cut before you start it.
4th cut
5° Holes
6° cuts for the
hollow
3rd cut

1st cut
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 49
If you want to protect the piece of slab not being used to make the table or countertop, move the part above

a hole in correspondence of each corner and then make straight cuts. The last part of the cut near the hole can
be done manually with a grinder.
When performing cuts 5 and 6, the disk must go past the intersection of cuts 7 and 4, respectively, for a length
of at least the diameter of the disk. “L” shaped pieces must be handled very carefully to prevent torsion and
twisting that would damage the slab.
6
.2.2 Indications
• Smaller disk diameters require greater rotation speeds applied to the mandrel.
• Slower feed rates produce higher quality cuts. Excessive speed could require making a larger bevel to
correct imperfections caused on the edge.
• Cutting speed at the entry and exit points must always be reduced by 50% compared to full speed, for a
length of at least the diameter of the disk.
100%
50%
50%
X
X
X
4th cut
5th cut


hollow
7th cut

6th cut
1st cut
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+50
• Given the hardness and strength of the material, it is necessary to turn the nozzles so that the water jet
is pointed on the disk blade to guarantee cooling and in correspondence with the incision on the slab to
remove debris from the cut.
• The disk must cut completely through the slab thickness and come out at least 1 mm on the other side.
• The process is successful if vibrations and movements of the slab are reduced to a minimum during the
cutting processes. To limit these situations, we advise using a panel made of rubber or other suitable
material that will not reduce the abrasive capacity of the disk.
• Set the machine correctly to obtain inclined cuts in the slab.
• To make a good quality inclined cut, we suggest reducing the disk diameter and using a disk with a
reinforced core that can diminish bending of the disk and therefore reduce vibrations on the slab. As an

Disk


Ø Disk



Thickness

Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 51
6
.2.3 Parameters
The parameters indicated below were suggested by the main producers of cutting disks which have tested
Laminam slabs, considering that the cut be made in a single stroke with a disk in good condition.
To obtain these parameters, tests were run on products with white, medium and black bases.
If the manufacturer, under his/her own responsibility, wants to adopt faster speeds than those indicated,
we suggest carrying out several preliminary tests while keeping in mind that materials with a white base are
generally more sensitive to increased speeds.
Periodically, assess the maintenance levels of the disk and replace it when it no longer guarantees a good
quality cut, with reference to the parameters indicated. To guarantee longer disk life and better cutting
quality, we suggest reviving the blade with a block of concrete or quartz.
 
Disk
Diameter mm
Rpm

Mm / min
Infeed/outfeed
speed
 Straight










Inclined










 Straight










Inclined










6
.3 Water-jet Processing
Laminam slabs can be cut with water-jet machines. This method makes it possible to perform any type of
cutting, shaping and drilling or making holes, with a high level of precision.
We advise making sure that the metal support grid is in good condition and planar, and that the piece is
correctly blocked to prevent movements that could make it impossible to cut the slab.If the machine allows
it, it is also possible to make 45° cuts. Adjust the processing parameters to obtain a straighter or rounder edge.


Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+52
6
.3.1 Cutting Scheme
Laminam “Full Size” slabs have untrimmed external edges. Start cutting by trimming the edges to make them
square.
If you need to obtain a trimmed 1620x3240mm size from a “full size” 1620X3240mm slab, set the water-jet
path to centre this size at the centre of the “full size” slab.
1620 mm
3240 mm
1st cut

Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 53
Here is an example of a cutting scheme that can be done with a water-jet process.
Here is an example of an “L” shaped cut that can be done with a water-jet process.
4th cut
5th cut
3rd cut

1st cur
3rd cut

1st cut
4th cut
5th cut
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+54
 
 
IN
OUT
To make cutouts inside the slab, we advise starting the cut in a point that is inside the cutout area, and then
gradually moving closer to the cut perimeter. Maintain the suggested minimum radius of 5 mm for internal
corners.
6
.3.2 Parameters
 

Mm / min

Initial Drilling
Pressure

  





  






Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 55
6
.4 Numerical Control Processing
Laminam slabs can be cut with numerical control machines (CNC).

of cuts.
Normally, CNC is used after shaping the top with a disk or water-jet cutter. This machine is used primarily to

wall scribing.
The tool must be diamond tipped and suitable for processing porcelain stoneware. The choice of tool depends

During the work, it is important to use plenty of water aimed in the right direction, both inside and outside the
tool. The tool must be at least 1 mm wider than the thickness of the slab.
✓

Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+56
6
.4.1 Positioning Suction Pads
Before beginning the process, check the correct hold of the suction pads on the back of the slab. If the hold is
not satisfactory, use softer gaskets of the right thickness.
Correct positioning of the suction pads that hold the slab is a fundamental aspect of getting a good cut. For
this reason, distribute the suction pads in a regular pattern to support the slab, including the part that must
be removed. If you fail to do this, the part that is cut out could bend and cause crazing before the process is

                   
remember that the side with the clamp cannot be cut.
50 mm
50 mm
✓
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 57
6
.4.2 Flush Top Processing
Perform the cuts as shown in the scheme below without entering the perimeter of the 90° hole,

✓
IN
OUT
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+58
6
.4.3 Flush Top Processing

It is possible to cut a maximum recess of 4 mm in a Laminam 12+ slab and 8 mm in a Laminam 20+ slab, of a
suitable size and depth according to the instructions on the technical sheet of the sink or appliance to install.
Drilling
Incremental cutting
Cut
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6
.4.5 Cutting Parameters
 RPM 

Initial Hole  
Cutting Tool  
Flush Top  
Bevel  
Edge Polishing  

Initial Hole  
Cutting Tool  
Flush Top  
Bevel  
Edge Polishing  
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6
.6 Manual Processing
It is possible to use a manual cutting tool to perform cuts on Laminam 12+ and 20+ slabs.


It is important to position the slab being processed in a suitable position to avoid movements and vibrations.
The area being processed should be bathed with water constantly or frequently, and the tool also, in order to
guarantee correct cooling and the quality of the process.
✓
✓


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6
.7 Cleaning after processing
Cutting, drilling and similar operations generate dust residue due to abrasion of the material. This residue,
along with the water required during the processing phases, tends to become solid on the surface when it
dries.
It is, therefore, vital to ensure correct cleaning at the end of the processing phases because, if this is done


and repeat the procedure until the surface is clean. Do not store any machine-processed material when wet.
During assembly of the kitchen countertop, polyurethane or epoxy adhesives are used for panels, integrated
sinks. etc.
Epoxy products are designed not to be removable to ensure good performance over time. For this reason,

therefore, vital to remove them quickly by using soft sponges or cloths and cleaning products recommended
by the suppliers.
Do not contaminate the rest of the surface with the cloths/sponges used to remove these materials. Do not

If any epoxy/polyurethane material is observed after installation of the countertop, they must be treated with
basic products and soft sponges, but since they will have been completely hardened at that point, it might not
always be possible to remove them.
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7|
Edges
7
.1 Straight Edges and Bevels

slabs. It is normally done as a perimeter border for the surface of kitchen table tops and countertops, or as a


diamond wheels on CNC machines.
We suggest making a beveled edge of at least 2 mm to increase the strength of the edge in case of accidental
impact. For beveling of curved lines, it is necessary to use a CNC machine with a grinding wheel on 5 axes.


2 mm 2 mm
2 mm
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7
.2 Other types of edges

on CNC machines.

The working speed must be tested in advance.
7
.3 Edges and Box Structures
It is possible to process Laminam 12+ and Laminam 20+ slabs to obtain continuous joints for making panels of
heights taller than the thickness of the product, basins and box structures.
This solution is also adopted when graphic continuity is desired on the front panel of the top.

tape to prevent you from getting glue on the slab, because the adhesives will be hard to remove after they
harden.
Clean the portions to glue and apply a homogeneous layer of glue to the entire surface. Make sure that the
portions are kept in position until the glue dries completely, in compliance with the manufacturer's instructions.
After the glue hardens completely, make a bevel of at least 2 mm.

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Sequence of steps with 5-axis disc cutter Sequence of steps with 5-axis water-jet cutter

the same type of adhesive used to glue the 45° angle.
 1st cut 1st cut
✓ ✓
5 mm

Reinforcement

Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 65
We suggest using two-component adhesives, generally epoxy based or equivalent, which can be purchased



products.




Sheet
Akemi




 
On demand

Integra Adhesives
Integra Xi



We recommend proper and immediate cleaning of all glue and adhesives used, in compliance with instructions
from their producers. Removal after the glue has hardened could prove to be impossible and would cause
halos to form on the slab over time.
7
.4 IN-SIDE Edge Finish

structure on the edges of the slab.
This operation is usually done by using a sanding machine, commonly used for natural stone, with the right
level of air pressure and quantity of sand.


7
.5 Fibre Abrasion


it is necessary to carry out this operation under current national safety regulations.
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8|
Bonding laminam on other materials
Laminam slabs in the thicknesses 12 and 20 mm do not generally require reinforcement with other materials.

uniform horizontal surface.


These materials can be applied with epoxy-based, polyurethane or MS polymer adhesives, also in points and
not full spread.
If it is necessary to bond the top to create a reinforcement, for example if it has a particular design, an absence
of suitable supports on the kitchen base units or excessive protrusions, the support material must be glued
with a full spread application and can also be constituted by tubular steel/aluminum.
In this case, use extremely elastic adhesives and be careful to avoid reinforcements near cooking areas, which
could cause excessive expansion.
The choice of gluing material, the glue to use and the frequency of application are all at the discretion and

materials used and the intended use of the countertop.
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
to possible twisting, torsion or impacts, in particular on the edges. Reviewing jobsite access with installers

9
.1 Packaging and transport

top. Never use the holes as lifting points, especially during transport, to prevent cracks or breakage.
We advise packing the countertop inside wooden crates or suitable frames and taking care that the edges and
corners are protected with foam or polystyrene guards.
If the top has a preassembled basin, it must be encased in a wooden crate
with a support that can sustain the weight of the sink, so that it does not
cause the top to twist.
9|
Transport and installation of the
finished countertop
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9
.2 Installation
Verify that the kitchen base units are perfectly level and fastened together. This condition is necessary because
the top must be supported continuously by the kitchen base units. Where the base units cannot guarantee
perimeter support, it will be necessary to insert suitably dimensioned supports of adequate materials between
the bases to support the weight of the top. This reinforcement must apply also if there are 45° joints between
two portions of the top. After removing the packing, keep the countertop in a vertical position at all times when
handling, and keep all holes towards upwards. To limit breaking during assembly, we suggest moving the top to

a wooden panel. Pay particular attention if the top has an integrated sink at the moment when it is placed in
a horizontal position to be positioned on the kitchen base units. The weight of the sink basin must always be

perimeter supports, as designed, and that sink basin supports are positioned immediately (see paragraph 5.3).
Keep the pieces together with a screw or tie.
✓
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
Wall

If the base unit has sliding drawers, these supports must be suitably shaped to allow them to slide
properly. In cases of countertops with particular shapes or types of kitchens/ base units that do not
guarantee adequate support, it is possible to position a surface generally in wood, or wood-based
material, that guarantees constant uniform support for the countertop.
We advise installing the surface at


than one piece, place the portions carefully to prevent mistakes with visible edges. It is possible to facilitate this
operation by inserting thicknesses which must be removed with the slabs positioned.
Join the two portions together using silicone products or transparent or colored glues, and then cleaning up the
residue immediately afterwards.
When mounting the sink, it is necessary to seal the edge with silicone, an adhesive gasket or another equivalent
product to guarantee watertightness and avoid the accumulation of dirt. Based on the type of sink to install, use

and/or adhesive.
Prepare two support bars or other equivalent systems to support sink basins, to be fastened to the furniture
structure, so that the weight of the sink basins and the water that they contain is not supported exclusively
by the top. Hobs must be installed in a centered position with respect to the prepared hole. Verify that the
perimeter expansion space is maintained, as described in paragraph 5.3.
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9
.3 Cleaning after installation
Remove any silicone residue used for installation and sealing of appliances by using diluent products and
soft sponges. Use acidic products and soft sponges to remove any cement-based residue left by back panel
processing.

5-10 minutes. Proceed by wiping with a non-abrasive soft sponge, rinse with abundant water and dry the
      
surfaces following production, transformation and installation of the countertop.
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10|
Cleaning, use and maintenance
The natural origin and production process make Laminam slabs almost entirely devoid of surface porosity;
hence, they are easy to clean and suitable for use as kitchen countertops and table surfaces.
The same process ensures product hardness and compactness. During daily use, avoid any impact that might
especially scratch the most delicate areas of the countertop, such as corners, edges, integrated sinks, etc.
Do not use the countertop incorrectly. Avoid loading it with heavy weights, such as by climbing on it, as this
might cause breakage particularly in processed areas, such as sinks and stoves, or in areas lightly supported
by an underlying structure.

detergents commonly sold to clean kitchen surfaces and appliances. When correctly maintained, the Laminam
countertop will not require extraordinary cleaning.Please note that, generally, a quick intervention makes it
easier to remove stains. If left to settle on surfaces for a long time, some residue might require the use of a

The choice of detergent will depend on the type of residue; for food stains, use alkaline detergents (products
with high pH, such as ammonia or bleach); for inorganic stains, use acidic detergents (e.g., anti-scale); and for
oily stains use degreasing products.
After using detergents, rinse the countertop to avoid the formation of smears or patinas on the surface.
Stain 

residues
Wine
Warm water and a neutral
detergent
Alkali*


Nicotine
Warm water and a neutral
detergent
Alkali*

Warm water and a neutral
detergent
Degreasing


Warm water and a neutral
detergent
Acid
Nail varnish
Warm water and a neutral
detergent
Solvent
*If bleach (alkaline cleaning agent) is used, dampen a soft cloth and rub the surface for a few seconds. Most of the residue will disappear
2-3 minutes after application. Alternatively, pour it directly onto the surface. Leave it to work for a maximum of 10 minutes on shiny
surfaces, making sure that it does not dry. Repeat the procedure until it is completely clean, rinsing after each application.
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+72
Prescriptions
• 
• Do not use abrasive sponges or metal wool.
• Always avoid cleaning agents containing abrasive particles on the Lucidate (polished)/Soft Touch surfaces.
• To remove stubborn stains, when using mildly abrasive products that cannot, however, be used on Lucidate

treated area.
• Do not use products that contain wax or polishes.
• When they are not promptly removed, staining agents might leave stains that are not entirely removable
on the Lucidate (polished) surfaces.
• Metal objects, such as cutlery, saucepans and knives, might cause surface scratches on Lucidate (polished)/
Soft Touch surfaces. Use trivets and cutting boards when preparing food.
• Avoid dragging/using objects with a hardness equal to or greater than ceramic on all surfaces as this could
cause permanent scratches (e.g. ceramic knives, diamond tools, etc...).
• Laminam surfaces, with the exception of the Lucidate (polished)/Soft Touch ones, do not fear scratches
caused by metal objects and cutlery. Having a lower degree of hardness, in case of rubbing, they might
leave metal residue on the countertop. Such residue, which shall not be considered surface defects, might
be hard to completely remove. They might be more evident on products with a black background.
• 
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 73
Handling, storage, installation and other phases that do not involve transforming or processing the slabs do

   
prevent occupational diseases, such as silicosis and lung diseases, the worker who carries out processes
which can produce this type of dust must adopt preventive and protective safety measures in conformity
with local safety and hygiene regulations to contain the risk.
These measures can be collective (for example, localized ventilation or extraction systems for capturing

For more information, please refer to good practices and the Safety Information Sheet for Laminam slabs,
which can be downloaded in the reserved area of the website Laminam.com.
11|
Safety information
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+74
This guide contains information about all design, processing and installation phases of Laminam slabs to
obtain kitchen countertops. Taking into account the high craftsmanship standards, please note that the

person appointed to implement the transformation.
or contact Laminam SPA.
Technical Partners:
• Machines
1. INTERMAC – BIESSE SPA
2. DENVER SPA
3. PRUSSIANI ENGINEERING SPA
• Tools and disks
1. ADI SPA
2. TYROLIT VINCENT SPA
3. DIAMUT – BIESSE SPA
4. TECNODIAMANT SRL
5. MARMOELETTROMECCANICA SRL
6. ITALDIAMANT SPA
7. DIATEX
Consult our website  for the most recent versions of this document and of the Technical
Sheets.
• Adhesives and nishing products
1. TENAX SPA
2. INTEGRA ADHESIVE INC
3. AKEMI GmbH
• Prodotti detergenti
1. FILA SOLUTION
2. FABERCHIMICA
3. BONASYSTEM
12|
Liability disclaimer
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 75
13|
References
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+76
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

Indoor
Calce, Bianco
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 79
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+80


Private house by
Cameo Kitchens & Fine Cabinetry
I Naturali,
Bianco Statuario Venato Soft Touch
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 81
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+82


Euromobil
design: Roberto Gobbo
ANTIS / TELERO
In-Side, Pietra Piasentina Taupe
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 83


Outdoor
Calce, Bianco
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+84
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 85


Kitchen |
Milan/Italy
IN-SIDE, Pietra di Cardoso Nero Naturale
IN-SIDE, Pietra di Cardoso Nero Fiammato
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LAMINAM S.P.A.
VIA GHIAROLA NUOVA, 258
41042, FIORANO MODENESE
MODENA / ITALY
TEL +39 0536 1844200
INFO@LAMINAM.COM
WWW.LAMINAM.COM
Laminam
Headquarters
Production
Plants
LAMINAM S.P.A.
VIA GHIAROLA NUOVA, 258
41042, FIORANO MODENESE
MODENA / ITALY
TEL +39 0536 1844200
LAMINAM S.P.A.
VIA PRIMO BRINDANI, 1
43043, BORGO VAL DI TARO
PARMA / ITALY
TEL +39 0525 97864
Showrooms
LAMINAM S.P.A.
VIA GHIAROLA NUOVA, 258
41042, FIORANO MODENESE
MODENA / ITALY
TEL +39 0536 1844200
LAMINAM S.P.A.
VIA VERDI, 5
20121, MILANO / ITALY
TEL +39 02 89092496
LAMINAM SERVICE S.r.l
VIA GHIAROLA NUOVA 258
41042, FIORANO MODENESE
MODENA / ITALY

Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+88
info@laminamusa.com
www.laminamusa.com
info@laminamcn.com

info[email protected]
www.laminam.com
infog[email protected]
www.laminam.com
[email protected]
www.laminam.jp

www.laminam.co.il
[email protected]
www.laminam.com
info@laminamrus.com
www.laminamrus.com
info@laminamusa.com
www.laminamusa.com
infoaustr[email protected]
www.laminam.com
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 89


Products containing at least 20% of pre-consumer re-cycled material in bulk (LEED 20)
having an high solar reectance index (SRI)

Products containing at least 30% of pre-consumer recycled materialin bulk (LEED 30)
having an high solar reectance index (SRI)

Products containing at least 40% of pre-consumer recycled material in bulk (LEED 40)
having an high solar reectance index (SRI)

China Compulsory Certicate mark
KASHERUT
Laminam slabs used for counterto are certicated Kosher Parve

American Standard for food equipment “Ceramic Solid Surface For Food Zone”
Valid for the products featured on the certicate available on the website:
https://www.laminam.com
e

Certication for use in the marine sector
MOCA
Laminam slabs are suitable for contact with food, in accordance with the MOCA Legislation
(Material and Objects in Contact with Food Legislation)
C
ertications
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

International Standard for Quality management systems

Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism - USA
C
ertications
Technical guide for furnishing & design 1620x3240 12+ | 20+ 91
Campionatura gratuita di
modico valore ai sensi del
DPR 633/72 e succ.modiche art.2
Copyright 2021 Laminam S.p.A.
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