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Guided by the type of questions in Box 3, the analysis would allow to identify the underlying causes
for why a market is not benefitting young people enough—whether through employment opportunities,
income, rights, working conditions, or otherwise. Reasons for a lack of green employment opportunities
for youth are not always obvious. A skills shortage may be the result of outdated training curricula,
which in turn may link to limited research and development. Green business innovation might be stifled
by capital constraints, which could be the result of banks lacking knowledge about the viability of green
products and services, or it may be disadvantaged by tight regulatory standards.
When these dynamics are understood, appropriate interventions can be designed to facilitate a change
in the way the system works rather than provide support to one function or actor directly. For example,
instead of running a one-off training programme to bridge a skills gap, a review is done of the
certification mechanisms and incentives for skills competences for green jobs. In other words, instead
of dealing with symptoms, the approach addresses the deeper causes of, in this case, poor green jobs
outcomes. Thus, the market systems approach can be helpful in building intervention models that are
relevant to promoting green jobs for youth (see Box 4).
Many Governments, among others, have adopted sector-specific approaches because interventions can
be bundled and better targeted. Actors such as national Ministries, business organizations and technical
education and training institutions are often well-connected, providing effective entry points for project
support. Value chain development brings in a particular focus on how resources are obtained, processed,
produced and traded. Enterprise development with decent jobs for youth along sustainable value chains
can be purposely promoted, as many development agencies have done. Large-scale examples involving
all actors in global value chains include the Roundtable for Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) - albeit not
specifically targeting youth.
3.2 Sectoral interventions for green jobs for youth
The potential of generating green jobs is particularly high in certain sectors where there is scope to
invest further in green technologies and to build green value chains (see previous section of this note).
Supporting such sectors would enable countries to also achieve the targets for emissions reduction, as
Box 4. Identifying constraints and opportunities for youth in Tanzania’s tourism industry
Market systems research in Tanzania’s tourism sector, including eco-tourism, found that young women and
men working in the industry lacked sufficient skills for the further inclusive growth of the sector. As it turned
out, there was a large mismatch between the skills provided by service providers and those demanded by the
market. This was due to several factors, including a lack of dialogue between trainers and training institutions,
information asymmetry between the private sector and training systems, the business management capacity of
training providers, and the enforcement of training standards.
The research proposed various entry points to address the problem, including working with associations and
government agencies to develop more effective coordination and information-sharing mechanisms, develop a
business case and increase incentives for more effective training service provision, and facilitate stronger
dialogue to increase industry partnership promotion, invest in better capacity development and enforce higher
industry standards. At the same time, the research uncovered opportunities to improve access to finance, human
resource services, and working conditions. Such a multi-prong intervention model targeting systemic
constraints thus enables projects to facilitate scalable and lasting change.
Source: ILO, 2017c.