Guidance Document on Federal Interim Groundwater Quality

Guidance Document on Federal Interim

Groundwater Quality Guidelines for Federal

Contaminated Sites

November 2012

Update of the May 2010 version

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LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION

Guidance Document on Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines for Federal Contaminated Sites

also in French under title:

Recommandations fédérales intérimaires pour la qualité des eaux souterraines sur les sites contaminés

fédéraux

ISBN no. 978-1-100-22281-3

Cat. no. En14-91/2013E-PDF

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The information in this document does not constitute legal advice; following this guidance will not

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of Parliament and associated regulations take precedence. Notwithstanding any other regulatory or

permitting requirements, any deposits, discharges and releases from your operations or activities must

comply with all applicable federal Acts and regulations.

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Preface

The Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan (FCSAP) was established to help federal

departments, agencies and consolidated Crown corporations (referred to as custodians)

address federal contaminated sites, so as to reduce environmental and human health risks as

well as federal financial environmental liability associated with the higher risk federal

contaminated sites.

The Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines presented in this report were developed to

assist federal custodians in assessing, remediating/risk managing federal contaminated sites

funded under the FCSAP. Federal custodians are advised to use these interim guidelines as an

interim measure until Canadian groundwater quality guidelines are available.

This report was developed based on a study conducted for Environment Canada by Meridian

Environmental Inc. to review existing approaches for deriving groundwater quality guidelines

used by other jurisdictions in Canada and other countries, and recommended one of them that

can be adapted for use at federal contaminated sites. The study was conducted under the

guidance of an Environment Canada working group of experts, and reviewed by the Expert

Support Science Department of Health Canada and Fisheries and Oceans.

An update of the May 2010 version of this guidance document is required as it contains a

number of groundwater guidelines that were calculated based on The Rationale for the

Development of Soil and Groundwater Standards for Use at Contaminated Site in Ontario

(2009) developed by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment. These guidelines have been

revised since then. In addition, comments were solicited from custodians and consultants

based on their experiences in applying the May 2010 version of the Federal Interim

Groundwater Quality Guidelines at their contaminated sites. These comments were considered

and addressed where appropriate in the current version of the guidelines.

November 2012

Update of the May 2010 Version

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OVERVIEW OF CHANGES MADE SINCE THE MAY 2010 VERSION OF THE GUIDANCE

DOCUMENT ON FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES FOR

FEDERAL CONTAMINATED SITES (FIGWQGS)

 Clarified that the 2012 update supersedes the May 2010 version of the this document

 Updated year of publication for guidelines where applicable

 Removed sentence “and in many cases may not discharge to nearby surface water

bodies” from 5th paragraph under the “Background on Groundwater” section (Section 2)

 Removed 4th bullet on The Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of

Agricultural Water Uses as an additional set of guidelines that is relevant for

groundwater at federal contaminated sites as these guidelines are already incorporated

in Table 1-3 (Section 3)

 Removed 7th bullet on “use of groundwater for human consumption (i.e. drinking water)”

as a potential receptors and exposure pathways considered under the Federal Interim

Groundwater Quality Guidelines. The protection of drinking water is addressed

separately by the Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality that should be used in

conjunction the FIGWQGs (Section 3)

 Added a section on “Guidelines Lower than Detection Limits” as a special considerations

on the application of the numerical guidelines (Section 4.3)

 Added a paragraph that clarified situations when the FIGWQGs apply to dissolved or

total concentrations in groundwater (Section 4.3)

 Revised section on Application on First Nation Lands to state that “For contaminated

sites on settlement lands, First Nations (e.g. in Yukon Territory) may have the right to

request more stringent standards/guidelines for water quality than those provided in

Federal or Territorial laws (Section 4.3)

 Clarified the “Drinking water” section under “Pathways Elimination” that protection of

drinking water may also need to be considered if contaminated groundwater may impact

surface water used for drinking water supply (Section 5.2)

 Revised “Protection of freshwater/marine life” section under “Pathways Elimination” to

provide clarification and guidance on when to eliminate this pathway (Section 5.2)

 Clarified and clearly define “conservative solute” (Section 5.2)

 Added FCSAP Ecological Risk Assessment guidance documents to current list of

references relevant while conducting site-specific risk assessments (Section 6)

 Reviewed and updated all federal interim groundwater quality guidelines adopted from

Ontario MOEE 1997 to be in line with the newly released OMOEE groundwater

guidelines (Appendix A, Table 1-3)

 Revised Appendix B to include models, equations and default model parameters used to

calculate Tier 2 guidelines (Appendix B)

 Provided additional guidance for the derivation of Tier 2 adjustment factors (calculated

using the Tier 2 model assuming steady-state conditions and no biodegradation, with all

other parameters at Tier 1 default values) (B.3 Groundwater Transport)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Glossary i

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 BACKGROUND ON GROUNDWATER 2

3 BASIS FOR THE GUIDELINES 4

4 APPLICATION OF THE TIER 1 AND TIER 2 NUMERICAL GUIDELINES 5

4.1 Factors to Consider 8

4.2 Limitations of the Use of the Numerical Guidelines 10

4.3 Special Considerations on the Application of the Numerical Guidelines 11

5 CONSIDERATION OF SITE-SPECIFIC CONDITIONS (FOR TIER 2) 11

5.1 Guidelines Modification based on Site-Specific Conditions 12

5.2 Pathways Elimination 12

6 SITE-SPECIFIC RISK ASSESSMENT (TIER 3) 14

APPENDIX A

A FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES 15

APPENDIX B 63

MODELS, EQUATIONS AND DEFAULT MODEL PARAMETERS USED TO CALCULATE TIER 1 AND TIER 2

GUIDELINES

REFERENCES 75

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GLOSSARY

Active layer: The soil layer in Northern regions with permafrost that melts in the summer and

re-freezes in the fall or winter.

Aquifer: A geologic formation(s) that has the ability to store and/or transmit water, such as to

springs. Use of the term is usually restricted to water-bearing formations capable of yielding

water in significant quantities sufficient to constitute a usable supply for people’s uses.

Background concentration: Representative, naturally occurring level of a contaminant in the

environment. Reflects natural geologic variations.

Coarse-grained soil: Soil which contains greater than 50% by mass particles greater than 75

μm mean diameter (D50 > 75 μm).

Confined aquifer: A region of soil or rock below the land surface that is saturated with water.

There are impermeable material layers above and below it and it is under pressure so that when

the aquifer is penetrated by a well, the water will rise above the top of the aquifer.

Dilution factor: A constant applied to groundwater guidelines to address the decrease in

concentration as contaminants are transported to surface water due to dilution.

Ecological receptor: A non-human organism potentially experiencing adverse effects from

exposure to contaminated media either directly or indirectly (food chain transfer).

Ecosystem: A dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their

non-living environment interacting as a functional unit.

Fine-grained soil: Soil which contains greater than 50% by mass particles less than 75 μm

mean diameter (D50 < 75 μm).

Groundwater: Subsurface water beneath the water table in fully saturated geologic formations.

Hypolentic zone: Transition zone between groundwater and surface water beneath lakes and

wetlands.

Hyporheic zone: Transition zone between groundwater and surface water beneath streams

and rivers.

Offset distances: A minimum distance from a receptor where guidelines do not apply, due to

limitations in transport models or other invalidated guideline assumptions.

Receptor: A receptor is the person or organism exposed to a chemical. For

human health risk assessment, it is common to define a critical receptor as the person

expected to experience the most severe exposure (due to age, sex, diet, lifestyle, etc.) or most

severe effects (due to state of health, genetic disposition, sex, age, etc.) as a result of that

exposure.

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Recharge: Process which occurs when the water content of the unsaturated zone becomes

high enough to cause excess water to percolate downward to the water table, usually as a result

of the infiltration of snow melt or rainwater into surface soils. Using a water balance approach,

recharge is equal to the total amount of precipitation less the amount of surface runoff and

evapotranspiration.

Pore water: The water occupying the space between particles of sediment or soil.

Solubility: The maximum concentration of a chemical that can be dissolved in water when that

water is both in contact and at equilibrium with the pure chemical.

Subsurface: Unconsolidated regolith material above the water table not subject to soil forming

processes.

Transition zone: The area where groundwater enters a surface water body.

Unconfined aquifer: A region of saturated ground material not overlain by an impermeable or

low-permeability layer such as clay, whose upper water surface (water table) is at atmospheric

pressure, and thus is able to rise and fall. These systems allow for the draining of pore water

and the subsequent movement of air (or water) to fill the spaces vacated by the moving water.

Water table: Depth below which soil is saturated with groundwater.

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1 INTRODUCTION

The Federal Contaminated Sites Action Plan (FCSAP) was established in 2005 as a 15-year

program with a commitment of $3.5 billion from the Government of Canada. The program helps

federal departments, agencies, and consolidated Crown corporations (referred to as custodians)

determine if a site is contaminated and, if so, to what extent. Where appropriate, it provides

financial assistance to deal with the environmental and human health risks that these sites may

pose.

Federal contaminated sites are generally evaluated using the Canadian Environmental Quality

Guidelines (CEQG) (CCME 1999) developed by the Canadian Council of Ministers of the

Environment (CCME). The CEQGs are primarily risk-based numerical guidelines set at levels at

which it is believed that unacceptable adverse effects on environmental or human health will not

occur. These were developed for various media: water, soil, and sediments, and biological

tissue. For some media (e.g. surface water, soil), there is a multi-tier framework that allows for

the application of generic numerical guidelines, the modification of guidelines based on site-

specific conditions, or the use of site-specific risk assessment. While the Canadian Soil Quality

Guidelines (CCME 1999) include consideration of the protection of groundwater for organic

chemicals, there are currently no Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines for groundwater.

In the absence of national groundwater guidelines, provincial guidelines are sometimes applied

at federal contaminated sites, or in other cases, potable water guidelines, and/or surface water

quality guidelines are often applied for groundwater – either directly or with an arbitrary

adjustment factor. In recognizing the need for a nationally-consistent approach for assessing

and managing groundwater at federal contaminated sites, Environment Canada conducted a

study to develop a federal approach that would be based on a critical review and evaluation of

existing approaches used by other jurisdictions in Canada and in other countries. Meridian

Environmental Inc. conducted such a review for Environment Canada, and recommended

Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines, presented in this report, that should be used

by custodians to assess, remediate/risk manage contaminated groundwater at federal sites

funded under FCSAP. This report was prepared for the FCSAP Secretariat of Environment

Canada and is based on the recommendations provided by Meridian Environmental Inc. in their

study.

The Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines are intended to be used as an interim

measure until CEQGs for groundwater are available. This update supersedes the May 2010

version of the Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines. A draft CCME protocol for the

derivation of groundwater quality guidelines for contaminated sites has recently been

developed; once that protocol is finalized, guidelines developed under the CCME protocol would

supersede the Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines presented herein. Until such

time, the Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines are to be used in connection with

groundwater investigation and remediation activities at federal contaminated sites.

An update of the May 2010 version of this guidance document is required as it contains a

number of groundwater guidelines that were calculated based on The Rationale for the

Development of Soil and Groundwater Standards for Use at Contaminated Site in Ontario

(2009) developed by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment. These guidelines have been

revised since then. In addition, comments were solicited from custodians and consultants

based on their experiences in applying the May 2010 version of the Federal Interim

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Groundwater Quality Guidelines at their contaminated sites. These comments were considered

and addressed where appropriate in the current version of the guidelines.

These guidelines are intended as assessment and remediation criteria for contaminated sites,

and should not be construed as “pollute up to” levels. The Federal Interim Groundwater Quality

Guidelines follow a tiered framework, consistent with the Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines

development through the CCME. The tiers are:

 Tier 1: direct application of the generic numerical guidelines; specifically, application of

the lowest guideline for any pathway

 Tier 2: allows for the development of site-specific remediation objectives through the

consideration of site-specific conditions, by modifying (within limits) the numerical

guidelines based on site-specific conditions and focusing on exposure pathways and

receptors that are applicable to the site

 Tier 3: use of site-specific risk assessment to develop Site-Specific Remediation

Objectives

The Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines presented in this report have been adopted

from other jurisdictions, with some modifications, and are based on common risk assessment

methods. Quantitative human health and environmental risk assessments involve a number of

uncertainties and limitations. As a consequence, the use of the recommendations presented

herein may either be overly protective or may not necessarily provide complete protection of

human and environmental receptors or prevent damage of property in all circumstances. The

generic (i.e. Tier 1) guidelines are not intended for application at all sites without consideration

of the sensitivity of the site and its characteristics, as discussed below. However, it is expected

that the generic guidelines will be protective of the majority of federal contaminated sites. Sites

that are more sensitive than what was assumed for the derivation of the generic guidelines must

be assessed at higher tiers; at other sites of lower sensitivity it may be advantageous to proceed

to the higher tiers.

This report is organized in six sections. Section 1 provides general background information on

the FCSAP program and the Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines. Section 2

provides general background on groundwater. Section 3 describes the basis of the Federal

Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines. Section 4 describes how the generic numerical

guidelines (Tier 1) are to be applied and their limitations. Section 5 explains how these Tier 1

guidelines can be modified for site-specific conditions to generate Tier 2 values. Section 6

provides relevant reference guidance documents that can be used to derive site-specific risk

assessment guidelines (Tier 3). The Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines are

provided in Appendix A, for the agricultural, residential/parkland, commercial and industrial land

uses. Finally, Appendix B provides the equations and default model parameters that were used

to derive the Tier 1 generic numerical guidelines, so that Tier 2 numbers can be derived if

required.

2 BACKGROUND ON GROUNDWATER

The term “groundwater”, in its most basic sense, refers to water beneath the ground surface.

For purposes of this document, groundwater refers primarily to water beneath the surface of the

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water table (i.e. in the saturated zone) in either unconsolidated soils (e.g., gravel or sand) or

bedrock, including both shallow groundwater and deeper aquifers. Groundwater is part of the

hydrologic cycle, and groundwater can be transported to surface water bodies. For

contaminated sites, the most important interaction between groundwater and surface water is

direct discharge of groundwater into surface water bodies such as streams, lakes or wetlands.

Groundwater may also be discharged to the surface (e.g., spring or seepage) and subsequently

reach surface water bodies via surface run-off.

The transition between groundwater and surface water is not a sharp or distinct boundary;

rather, there is a dynamic transition zone from groundwater to surface water. This transition

zone is considered to be an important component of the surface water ecosystem (US EPA

2008). Transition zones beneath streams and rivers are referred to as hyporheic zones, while

those beneath lakes and wetlands are referred to as hypolentic zones (US EPA 2008). The

transition zone includes the sediment-water interface and sediment beneath and adjacent to the

surface water where surface water conditions may affect groundwater and where surface water

biota (particularly invertebrates, larvae and microbial communities) spend at least part of their

time. The transition zone plays a major role in nutrient and energy cycling in surface water

bodies (Hayashi and Rosenberry 2002), and in some cases has been shown to contribute

significantly to the biodegradation of contaminants (US EPA 2008). Since groundwater typically

has a more stable temperature than surface water, the transition zone can provide a thermal

refuge for fish in summer or winter (Hayashi and Rosenberry 2002). The extent of the transition

zone can vary over time; since groundwater and surface water often have very different

chemical characteristics, the extent can often be determined from water chemistry (Hayashi and

Rosenberry 2002).

Groundwater is also present beneath surface water bodies; for purposes of this document,

water beneath the hyporheic zone or beneath the hypolentic zone is considered to be

groundwater (i.e. the transition zone is not considered as groundwater).

Water within soil pores in the unsaturated zone is referred to herein as pore water. For purposes

of this document, water bodies which support macroscopic life (e.g. fish) in subterranean

caverns are not considered to be groundwater, but rather would be potential receptors.

In areas of Northern Canada with permafrost, water may also be present at least part of the

year in the active layer (the soil layer that thaws during the summer and re-freezes in the fall or

winter). This water is also treated as groundwater for purposes of this document. Some of the

exposure pathways evaluated herein may not apply for the active layer; these pathways could

be excluded on a site-specific basis. For example, the active layer is unlikely to be used as a

source of potable water. Furthermore, permafrost may also thaw near surface water bodies; this

thawed permafrost would also be considered as groundwater for purposes of these guidelines.

The term “aquifer” is used to describe a subsurface formation which can produce enough water

when tapped by a well to be useful (e.g., as a drinking water source). Water in aquifers can

move either through pores or through fractures. In rare cases, particularly in limestone, fractures

may be enlarged to form larger channels or caverns. Aquifers can be unconfined, meaning the

water table is present within the unit, or confined, meaning a relatively impermeable layer forms

the upper boundary of the aquifer.

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3 BASIS FOR THE GUIDELINES

The Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines have been adopted from other

jurisdictions, with some modifications; however, these guidelines have generally been

developed using methods consistent with nationally approved protocols published by CCME,

and in particular A Protocol for the Derivation of Environmental and Human Health Soil Quality

Guidelines (CCME 2006) and the Canada-Wide Standard for Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC) in

Soil: Scientific Rationale and User Guidance (CCME 2008a, CCME 2008b). The Guidelines for

Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada 2008) and the Canadian Water Quality

Guidelines for the Protection of Agricultural Water Uses (CCME 1999) were applied for the

protection of potable water.

In addition to the Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines, three other sets of guidelines

may be relevant for groundwater at federal contaminated sites:

 The Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada 2010 and available

online at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/ewh-semt/pubs/water-eau/index-eng.php) apply for

potable water sources; the most recent version of the guidelines should be consulted.

While they are intended to be applied at the point of exposure (e.g., tap), it is

recommended that, at federal contaminated sites, these guidelines be used when

investigating groundwater that could be used as a potable water source. The

determination of a particular aquifer as a potable water source is often under provincial

jurisdiction. In the absence of Federal guidelines for a particular chemical, applicable

provincial guidelines for the protection of potable groundwater should also be applied.

 The Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life, summarized in

the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines (CCME 1999 and available online at

http://ceqg-rcqe.ccme.ca/) should be applied to the receiving water body, groundwater

within 10 m of a surface water body, and to the groundwater-surface water transition

zone (as defined in Section 2).

 The Canadian Sediment Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life,

summarized in the Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines (CCME 1999 and

available online at http://ceqg-rcqe.ccme.ca/), should be applied for sediments in the

groundwater-surface water transition zone for contaminants that are expected to be

associated with sediments. If both pore water and bulk sediment samples are collected

for comparison with aquatic life and sediment guidelines respectively, both guidelines

should be met.

The Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines are based on the consideration of several

potential receptors and exposure pathways, including:

 groundwater transport to surface water at least 10 m from the contamination and

subsequent exposure of freshwater and marine life

 direct contact of soil organisms with contaminated groundwater

 use of groundwater for irrigation water

 use of groundwater for livestock watering

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 groundwater transport to surface water at least 10 m from the contamination and

subsequent ingestion by wildlife

 migration of contaminant vapours to indoor air and subsequent inhalation by humans.

The generic guidelines are point estimates of a chemical concentration in groundwater

associated with an approximate no- to low- effects level based on toxicological information

about the chemical, along with a screening-level evaluation of environmental fate and transport

and estimated intake rates, or exposure, by potential receptors. The assumed receptor

characteristics and fate models are generally the same as those used to derive Canadian Soil

Quality Guidelines (CCME 2006). Details on the models used and model input parameters

applied for guidelines are provided in Appendix B, so that Tier 2 site-specific modification of the

guidelines can be performed.

For inorganic substances, the Canadian Water Quality guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic

Life are applied directly to groundwater, due to the high level of variability in the behaviour of

inorganic substances in groundwater and the lack of biodegradation of these substances.

Inorganic substances could alternatively be evaluated on a site-specific basis. Additionally, for

many organic substances without appropriate groundwater biodegradation rates defined by

CCME or other Canadian regulatory agencies, the groundwater quality guidelines are

essentially equal to the water quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life because

dispersion alone does not provide significant dilution over the default distance of 10 m. These

substances can also be evaluated on a site-specific basis; it should be stressed that applied

biodegradation rates should be based on site-specific data or data that conservatively reflect

potentially anaerobic degradation in groundwater (not surface water or aerobic degradation

rates).

4 APPLICATION OF THE TIER 1 AND TIER 2 NUMERICAL GUIDELINES

At Tier 1, the generic numerical guidelines are directly applied. It is expected that most sites

would be addressed using the generic numerical guidelines. The Tier 1 numerical guidelines are

presented in Tables 1 to 3 for the agricultural, residential/parkland, commercial and industrial

land uses, respectively.

The Tier 2 approach allows for consideration of site-specific conditions by either modifying

(within limits) the guidelines based on site-specific conditions and/or removing exposure

pathways that may not be applicable to the site.

The columns in Tables 1 to 3 are as follows:

 Lowest Guideline – the lowest guideline available selected from all exposure pathways

for that land use.

The existing exposure pathways are:

 Inhalation – the guideline based on indoor inhalation by humans.

 Soil Organisms: Direct Contact – the guideline for direct contact by plants and soil

invertebrates, calculated from a Canadian Soil Quality Guideline for these receptors.

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 Freshwater Life – the guideline for the protection of freshwater life in a surface water

body at least 10 m from the contamination. For soluble organic chemicals, this value is

calculated from the Canadian Water Quality Guideline for the Protection of Aquatic Life

(freshwater) based on groundwater transport modelling; for other chemicals (e.g.,

inorganics), it is equal to the Canadian Water Quality Guideline for the Protection of

Aquatic Life (freshwater).

 Marine Life – the guideline for the protection of marine life in a surface water body at

least 10 m from the contamination. These values are calculated the same way as the

freshwater life values, but using the Canadian Water Quality Guideline for the Protection

of Aquatic Life (marine).

 Irrigation – the Canadian Water Quality Guideline for the Protection of Agricultural Water

Uses; Irrigation Water guideline values are used directly.

 Livestock – the Canadian Water Quality Guideline for the Protection of Agricultural

Water Uses; Livestock Watering guideline values are used directly.

 Wildlife Watering – the guideline for the protection of wildlife watering in surface water at

least 10 m from the contamination.

The “lowest guideline” presented in the first two column of Tables 1 to 3 were provided for

convenience purposes, and represent the lowest guideline values if all the pathways presented

in these tables are present at a site. However, this will often not be the case, and in particular

relatively few sites will have both freshwater and marine water bodies nearby; the use of the

lowest guideline may therefore result in a guideline that is overly conservative. Further

discussion of the applicable pathways is provided in Section 5.2.

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It is possible that multiple guidelines will apply at a single location. As a general rule, the

following should be applied:

Table 1. Summary of Applicable Groundwater Quality Guidelines

Federal

Interim

Groundwater

Quality

Guidelines

Canadian

Water Quality

Guidelines for

the Protection

of Aquatic Life

Guidelines for

Canadian

Drinking Water

Quality

Canadian

Sediment

Quality

Guidelines for

the Protection

of Aquatic Life

Canadian

Water Quality

Guidelines for

the Protection

of Agricultural

Water Uses

Groundwater as

defined in

Section 2

(including the

active zone in

permafrost

areas)

√

(where

applicable)

√

(where

applicable)

Groundwater

within 10 m of a

water body

√

(where

applicable)

√

(where

applicable)

Groundwater-

surface water

transition zone

√

(where

applicable)

√

(where

applicable)

Sediment pore

water in

groundwater-

surface water

transition zone

√

(where

applicable)

√

(where

applicable)

Sediments in

groundwater-

surface water

transition zone

√

(apply to the

sediments)

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The following Figure 1 provides a visual representation of the groundwater and of where the

various guidelines would apply near a surface water body.

Note: Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Agricultural Water Uses and the

Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality may also be applicable where appropriate

Figure 1. Illustration of groundwater cross-section near a surface water body.

4.1 Factors to Consider

In order to apply the numerical Tier 1 and Tier 2 guidelines, the following factors should be

considered.

Soil Type Assessment

Groundwater quality guidelines are presented for both coarse (e.g. sand) and fine (e.g. silt or

clay) soils. Consistent with Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines, coarse soils are defined as having

a median particle diameter greater than or equal to 75 μm, while fine soils have a median

particle diameter less than 75 μm (CCME 2006). The hydraulic conductivity for coarse soils is

typically greater than 33 m/year, while the hydraulic conductivity for fine soils is typically less

than 33 m/year.

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Groundwater quality guidelines for coarse soils are generally lower than guidelines for fine soils,

and therefore the coarse soil guidelines should be applied unless it can be demonstrated that

site soils are fine-grained, with no coarse layers which could potentially govern contaminant

migration. Even a relatively thin coarse layer in the saturated zone may govern transport

towards downgradient receptors such as surface water bodies. Similarly, a layer of coarse soil

beneath a building foundation may govern the transport of vapours into the building. There are a

few chemicals, however, for which interim guidelines for the protection of soil organisms are

lower for fine soils than coarse soils. Therefore, the lower of the guidelines for coarse and fine

soils should be applied unless thorough investigation of site stratigraphy has been undertaken,

supported by laboratory classification of the soil type, and it can clearly be demonstrated that

the chosen soil type is appropriate.

Distance from Surface Water Bodies

As noted above, the groundwater guidelines as presented in Tables 1 to 3 can only be applied if

the groundwater is taken at least 10 m away from the receiving water body. Canadian Water

Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life are applied within 10 m of a surface water

body and to the transition zone, particularly the part of the transition zone where aquatic and

benthic organisms may reside. The 10 m lateral offset distance should be applied from the

ordinary high water mark or edge of the 1 in 100 year flood zone (see Figure 1). For marine

water bodies, the point of compliance should be established on a site-specific basis, taking into

consideration the maximum expected high tide mark so as to ensure that there is at least a 10

m lateral separation between the contamination and potential habitat for marine aquatic or

benthic organisms. Based on historical practices, it is expected that the extent of the transition

zone will not be regularly determined at federal contaminated sites, although site-specific

determination is recommended.

Water and Land Use Assessment

In order to apply these numerical guidelines, the appropriate land use should be determined. In

many jurisdictions, current uses of groundwater as well as potential future uses must also be

considered. The same land uses specified for Canadian Soil Quality Guidelines (agricultural,

residential/parkland, commercial and industrial) are used for groundwater quality guidelines for

consistency, because soil and groundwater are generally investigated together. These land

uses are defined as follows (CCME 2006):

 Agricultural: where the primary land use is growing crops or tending livestock. This also

includes agricultural lands that provide habitat for resident and transitory wildlife and

native flora.

 Residential/Parkland: where the primary activity is residential or recreational activity;

parkland is defined as a buffer between areas of residency, and also includes

campground areas, but excludes wild lands such as national or provincial parks.

 Commercial: where the primary activity is commercial (e.g., shopping mall) and not

residential or manufacturing; access to the site is generally not restricted. This does not

include zones where food is grown.

 Industrial: where the primary activity involves the production, manufacture, or

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construction of goods. Access to the site is generally restricted.

Groundwater guidelines are generally less dependent on land use than soil guidelines, because

many of the groundwater uses and pathways are independent of human uses of the land. In the

event that none of the defined land uses is appropriate for the site, use of the agricultural

guidelines is generally conservative.

4.2 Limitations of the Use of the Numerical Guidelines

As discussed above, the numerical guidelines were developed using a specific set of

assumptions and models. In some cases, the assumptions used to derive these guidelines may

not be protective for particularly sensitive sites. Any of the following conditions may invalidate

the assumptions used to develop the Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines, and

therefore would invalidate the use of the numerical groundwater quality guidelines:

Contaminated groundwater within 10 m of a surface water body

For contaminated groundwater within 10 m of a surface water body, accounting for potential

seasonal fluctuations in water and the transition zone, the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines

for the Protection of Aquatic Life should be applied directly.

Groundwater flow to stagnant water bodies

If contaminated groundwater is discharging into a stagnant water body (a water body without

significant outflow), persistent contaminants may be concentrated through evaporation. A site-

specific risk assessment is normally required in this scenario.

Fractured bedrock or fractured silt/clay

The transport models used to develop the numerical guidelines assume that contaminant

transport occurs through unconsolidated soils. If transport between the contaminant source and

receptor (e.g. surface water body) is through fractures instead of unconsolidated soils, either a

transport distance of zero should be assumed (i.e. the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for

the Protection of Aquatic Life should be applied to groundwater), or a site-specific risk

assessment should be conducted.

Very coarse textured soils enhancing transport or high groundwater velocity

Very coarse (e.g. gravel) soils may result in enhanced contaminant transport compared to what

was assumed in the derivation of the numerical guidelines. Other scenarios resulting in a high

groundwater velocity (e.g. tidal influences close to a marine water body) may also enhance

contaminant transport. If the Darcy groundwater velocity exceeds 3x10

-7

m/s, the groundwater

transport modelling conducted for the numerical guidelines may not be protective of nearby

surface water bodies; in this case, a site-specific adjustment of the guidelines will likely be

necessary. Similarly, if the soil vapour permeability exceeds 6x10

-8

cm

2

, the vapour transport

guidelines may need to be adjusted on a site-specific basis.

Contaminated groundwater within 30 cm of a building foundation

The models used to evaluate vapour intrusion are not considered valid if the source of

contamination is very close to the building; contaminated groundwater in direct contact with a

building in particular is considered to be a high risk situation. In the event that contaminated

groundwater is present within 30 cm of a building foundation, a site-specific risk assessment is

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normally required.

Earthen Floors or Other Unusual Structural Features

The vapour intrusion model assumes a typical residential or commercial/industrial building with

a concrete foundation slab. The presence of a building with an earthen floor within 10 m of

groundwater contamination indicates that a site-specific risk assessment is required. Other

unusual building features (e.g. unusually low air exchange rate) may need to be addressed in a

site-specific risk assessment or site-specific guideline modification.

4.3 Special Considerations on the Application of the Numerical Guidelines

High Natural Background Concentration

In applying the Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guideline, it is not expected that

remediation of a contaminated site would be done to levels below natural background

concentrations. However, in some cases where the naturally occurring background

concentrations of contaminants are higher than the Federal Interim Groundwater Quality

Guideline values, the guideline values may still need to be considered in the development of the

risk management approach that would be applied to the site so as to ensure that the site does

not continue to pose an unacceptable risk to human health. For example, groundwater in areas

with high naturally occurring background chemical concentrations (e.g. arsenic, radon, uranium)

may be restricted to non-potable water uses.

Guidelines Lower than Detection Limits

Some groundwater quality guidelines, such as guidelines for the protection of freshwater life for

pesticides, may be lower than detection limits normally achieved by analytical laboratories. In

most cases these guidelines have been adopted from existing CCME water quality guidelines.

The CCME guideline derivation approach does not limit guidelines to concentrations above

analytical detection limits; guidelines are set based on the concentrations which may pose a risk

to relevant receptors.

Dissolved vs. Total Concentrations

For inorganics, the Federal Interim Groundwater Quality Guidelines generally apply to dissolved

concentrations, and therefore filtration of groundwater samples is required. Appropriate

guidance on groundwater sampling methods should be consulted for proper filtration technique.

For organic chemicals, filtration is often not possible, particularly for volatile organic chemicals

which may be lost to volatilization during the filtration process, and therefore unfiltered

groundwater samples are normally used for organic chemicals.

Application on First Nation Lands

For contaminated sites on settlement lands, the First Nation (e.g. in Yukon Territory) may have

the right to request more stringent standards/guidelines for water quality than those provided in

Federal or Territorial laws.

5 CONSIDERATION OF SITE-SPECIFIC CONDITIONS (FOR TIER 2)

The development of site-specific remediation objectives through consideration of site-specific

conditions for deriving Tier 2 groundwater quality guidelines, often referred to as “Tier 2

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adjustment”, involves the re-calculation of groundwater quality guidelines using the same model

and pathways as for the generic guidelines, but adjusting certain stable, readily adjusted

parameters in the models or by focusing on the receptors that are applicable to the site to reflect

site-specific conditions; or the removal of exposure pathways that are not applicable at a site.

These adjustments may be undertaken either for sites where the generic guidelines are not

applicable, or for sites where it is believed that site-specific conditions may mitigate exposure for

the governing pathway.

5.1 Guidelines Modification based on Site-Specific Conditions

The equations used for site-specific modification of guidelines are presented in Appendix B,

along with default model parameters used to derive the generic guidelines. Further guidance on

site-specific modification of guidelines, including site characterization requirements, whose

parameters can be adjusted, and the adjustment procedures, can be found in the Alberta Tier 2

Soil and Groundwater Remediation Guidelines (AESRD 2010b) or Appendices C and D of the

Canada-Wide Standard for Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC) in Soil: User Guidance (CCME

2008b) and Guidance Manual for Developing Site-Specific Soil Quality Remediation Objectives

for Contaminated Sites in Canada (CCME 1996).

5.2 Pathways Elimination

To determine the groundwater quality guidelines that would be applied to a site, and thus to

select the appropriate Tables 1 to 3, the current and intended federal land uses need to be

identified first. Pathways that apply to the site would then be identified, considering both the

current site conditions and reasonably anticipated future federal uses of the site. In addition,

where potable water sources are present in a contaminated site, the Guidelines for Canadian

Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada 2008) should be applied. The groundwater quality

guidelines that apply at the site would be the lowest of the guidelines for all the applicable

pathways.

It should be noted that in some circumstances it may be theoretically possible to screen out all

pathways for a particular chemical. It is recommended that at least one pathway should be

retained unless a site-specific risk assessment can establish an acceptable concentration,

taking into consideration additional factors such as potential free-phase product formation and

other hazards from the chemical, and the possibility that remaining concentrations could act as

a source of further contamination. It is not the intent of these guidelines to allow for unlimited

groundwater contamination in the event that all pathways for which guidelines have been

calculated can be eliminated at a site.

Drinking water

The protection of drinking water is addressed separately by the Guidelines for Canadian

Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada 2010). The drinking water guidelines are applied to

groundwater that is used as a potable water source or to groundwater defined as a potential

potable water source by the province or other agency with jurisdiction over drinking water

issues. The protection of drinking water may also need to be considered if contaminated

groundwater may impact surface water used for drinking water supply. This pathway can likely

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be eliminated for groundwater in the active layer in permafrost areas.

Protection of freshwater/marine life

The protection of freshwater life can be excluded as a consideration for most contaminants if

there is no potential for contaminants to reach freshwater surface bodies at concentrations

exceeding the surface water quality guidelines. Similarly, marine life guidelines can be excluded

if there is no potential for contaminants to reach marine bodies at concentrations above surface

water quality guidelines. Potential situations where this may occur include:

 For most contaminants, including petroleum hydrocarbons and metals, if there are no

surface water bodies within 500 m then the contaminants are unlikely to reach surface

water. Most petroleum hydrocarbon plumes are much less than 500 m and their

transport is generally limited by biodegradation. While metals do not biodegrade, the

transport times required to travel 500 m are in most cases very long. The 500 m distance

should not be automatically applied in very coarse (i.e. gravel) soils.

 For chlorinated solvents, a distance of 500 m will not be protective in all cases; some

chlorinated solvent plumes are longer than this. If the plume can be demonstrated to be

stable or decreasing (i.e. it is not spreading and concentrations are not increasing) then

a distance of 500 m could still be used; if not, a distance of 2000 m may be more

appropriate for excluding this pathway.

 For conservative solutes, which are defined as solutes which do not biodegrade and are

not significantly retarded (e.g. certain anions such as chloride and fluoride), the plume

size is limited primarily by the mass of contamination present at the site. For these

contaminants, the protection of aquatic life can be excluded if there are no surface water

bodies within 10 km.

 If there are surface water bodies within the above distances, the protection of aquatic life

pathways can still be excluded if other lines of evidence such as Tier 2 site-specific

groundwater transport modelling demonstrate that, based on the maximum

concentrations present at the site and the current plume sizes, contamination would not

reach nearby surface water bodies at concentrations exceeding the surface water quality

guidelines.

 If site-specific data demonstrate that contaminated groundwater does not have the

potential to discharge into a specific water body (i.e. there is no hydrological connection

between the contaminated groundwater and the surface water body) then that water

body does not need to be considered further.

Irrigation water and livestock watering guidelines

The irrigation water and livestock watering guidelines normally only apply with the agricultural

land use. They could be excluded if there is no aquifer suitable for this use, and groundwater

contamination is not present within the depth of typical agricultural dugouts (approximately 3-4

m).

Wildlife watering

The wildlife watering guidelines can be excluded if there are no surface water bodies within 500

m of the groundwater contamination, or 10 km for conservative solutes such as chloride. It may

also be possible to eliminate this pathway if it can be demonstrated that there is no hydrological

connection between the contaminated groundwater and nearby surface water bodies,

particularly when addressing contamination in the active layer in permafrost areas.

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Vapour intrusion

The vapour intrusion pathway can only be excluded if there are no occupied buildings present at

the site and no potential for future occupied buildings within 30 m of the groundwater

contamination.

6 SITE-SPECIFIC RISK ASSESSMENT (TIER 3)

The use of site-specific risk assessment to develop site-specific remediation objectives, which

are often referred to as “Tier 3”, is generally applied where neither Tier 1 nor Tier 2 guidelines

apply, or for large and complex sites.

Site-specific risk assessment, may involve the use of different models and assumptions, and

generally requires more site-specific data than application of the generic guidelines or site-

specific modification of guidelines. Detailed guidance on site-specific risk assessment is beyond

the scope of this document; guidance has been published by agencies such as Health Canada,

CCME and several international agencies. Particularly relevant documents include:

 A Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment: General Guidance. (CCME 1996).

 A Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment: Technical Appendices. (CCME 1997).

 Federal Contaminated Sites Risk Assessment in Canada Part I: Guidance on Human

Health Preliminary Quantitative Risk Assessment (PQRA). (Health Canada 2010,

revised 2012).

 Federal Contaminated Sites Risk Assessment in Canada Part II: Health Canada

Toxicological Reference Values (TRVs). (Health Canada 2010).

 Federal Contaminated Sites Risk Assessment in Canada Part V: Guidance on Human

Health Detailed Quantitative Risk Assessment of Chemicals (DQRA). Draft. (Health

Canada 2010).

 A Protocol for the Derivation of Environmental and Human Health Soil Quality

Guidelines. (CCME 2006).

 Guidance on the Site-Specific Application of Water Quality Guidelines in Canada:

Procedures for Deriving Numerical Water Quality Objectives. (CCME 2003).

 FCSAP Ecological Risk Assessment Guidance. (Environment Canada 2010 draft).

 FCSAP Supplemental Guidance for Ecological Risk Assessment. Module A: Toxicity

Test Selection and Interpretation. (Environment Canada 2010 draft).

 FCSAP Supplemental Guidance for Ecological Risk Assessment. Module B: Selection or

Development of Site-specific Toxicity Reference Values. (Environment Canada 2010

draft).

 FCSAP Supplemental Guidance for Ecological Risk Assessment. Module C:

Standardization of Wildlife Receptor Characteristics. (Environment Canada 2011 draft).

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APPENDIX A

FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

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List of Tables

TABLE 1.0 – TABLE 1.15 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

TABLE 2.0 – TABLE 2.15 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL/PARKLAND LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

TABLE 3.0 – TABLE 3.15 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

17

Table 1.0: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), General and Inorganic Parameters, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil

and Coarse Soil)

Table 1.1: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Metals, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Lowest

Guideline

Fine

Lowest

Guideline

Coarse

Aluminium

See note e

Antimony

2.0

Arsenic

0.005

Barium

0.5

Beryllium

0.0053

Boron

0.5

Cadmium

0.000017

Chromium (Total)

See note e

Cobalt

0.05

Copper

See note e

Iron

0.3

Parameters

Lowest

Guideline

Fine

Lowest

Guideline

Coarse

pH

6.5-9

Ammonia

See note e

Chloride

100

Chlorine

0.002

Cyanide

0.001

Fluoride

0.12

Nitrate

13

Nitrate + Nitrite (as

nitrogen)

100

Nitrite (as nitrogen)

0.06

Sulphate

100

Sulphide (as H

2

S)

0.002

Total Dissolved Solids

(TDS)

3000

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

18

Lead

See note e

Manganese

0.2

Mercury

See note e

Molybdenum

0.073

Nickel

See note e

Selenium

0.001

Silver

See note e

Thallium

0.0008

Titanium

0.1

Uranium

0.01

Vanadium

0.1

Zinc

0.01

Table 1.2: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Hydrocarbons, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Lowest

Guideline

Fine

Lowest

Guideline

Coarse

Benzene

0.088

Toluene

4.9

0.083

Ethylbenzene

3.2

Xylenes

13

3.9

Styrene

0.072

F1

6.5

0.81

F2

1.8

1.3

Acenaphthene

0.0058

Acenaphthylene

0.046

Anthracene

0.000012

Fluoranthene

0.00004

Fluorene

0.003

Methylnaphthalenes

0.18

Naphthalene

0.0011

Phenanthrene

0.0004

Pyrene

0.000025

Benz[a]anthracene

g

0.000018

Benzo[b+j]fluoranthene

g

0.00048

Benzo[k]fluoranthene

g

0.00048

Benzo[g,h,i]perylene

g

0.00021

0.00017

Benzo[a]pyrene

g

0.00001

Chrysene

g

0.0001

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

19

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene

g

0.00028

0.00026

Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene

g

0.00023

0.00021

Table 1.3: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Halogenated Aliphatics, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse

Soil)

Parameters

Lowest

Guideline

Fine

Lowest

Guideline

Coarse

Vinyl chloride

0.018

0.0011

1,1-Dichloroethene

0.68

0.039

cis-1,2-Dichloroethene

0.017

0.0016

trans-1,2-Dichloroethene

0.017

0.0016

Trichloroethene

(Trichloroethylene, TCE)

0.05

0.02

Tetrachloroethene

(Tetrachloroethylene,

Perchloroethylene, PCE)

0.11

1,1-Dichloroethane

3.1

0.32

1,2-Dichloroethane

0.005

Dichloromethane

(Methylene chloride)

0.05

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane

0.028

0.0033

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

0.015

0.0032

1,1,1-Trichloroethane

1.1

0.64

1,1,2-Trichloroethane

0.03

0.0047

Trichloromethane

(Chloroform)

0.0018

Tetrachloromethane

(Carbon tetrachloride)

0.005

0.00056

1,2-Dichloropropane

0.14

0.016

1,3-Dichloropropene

0.045

0.0052

Bromoform

0.77

0.38

Bromomethane

0.056

0.0056

Bromodichloromethane

8.5

Dibromochloromethane

0.1

Ethylene dibromide

0.00083

0.00025

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

20

Table 1.4: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Chlorinated Aromatics, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse

Soil)

Parameters

Lowest

Guideline

Fine

Lowest

Guideline

Coarse

Chlorobenzene

0.0013

1,2-Dichlorobenzene

0.0007

1,3-Dichlorobenzene

0.042

1,4-Dichlorobenzene

0.026

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene

0.008

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

0.0054

1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene

0.38

0.015

1,2,3,4-

Tetrachlorobenzene

0.0018

1,2,3,5-

Tetrachlorobenzene

0.41

0.017

1,2,4,5-

Tetrachlorobenzene

0.21

0.0088

Pentachlorobenzene

0.006

Hexachlorobenzene

0.00052

Table 1.5: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Phenols, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Lowest

Guideline

Fine

Lowest

Guideline

Coarse

2-Chlorophenol

0.33

2,4-Dichlorophenol

0.0002

2,4-Dimethylphenol

3.9

2,4-Dinitrophenol

1.1

Phenol

0.002

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol

0.16

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

0.018

2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol

0.001

Pentachlorophenol

0.0005

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

21

Table 1.6: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Pesticides, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Lowest

Guideline

Fine

Lowest

Guideline

Coarse

Aldicarb

0.00015

Aldrin

0.003

Atrazine and metabolites

0.0018

Azniphos-methyl

0.00001

Bromacil

0.005

Bromoxynil

0.00033

Captan

0.0013

Carbaryl

0.0002

Carbofuran

0.0018

Chlordane

0.015

Chlorothalonil

0.00018

Chlorpyrifos

0.000002

Cyanazine

0.0005

2,4-D (2,4-

Dichlorophenoxyacetic

acid) & other phenoxy

herbicides

0.004

DDAC (Didecyl dimethyl

ammonium chloride)

0.0015

DDT (Dichloro-Diphenyl-

Trichloroethane) &

metabolites

0.000001

Deltamethrin

0.0000004

Diazinon

0.000003

Dicamba

0.000006

Dichlofop-methyl

0.00018

Dieldrin

0.000056

Dimethoate

0.003

Dinoseb

0.00005

Endosulfan

0.00002

Endrin

0.000036

Glyphosate

0.065

Heptachlor epoxide

0.0000038

Imidacloprid

0.00023

IPBC (3-iodo-2-propynyl

butyl carbamate)

0.0019

Lindane (γ-

0.00001

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

22

hexachlorocyclohexane)

Linuron

0.000071

Malathion

0.0001

MCPA

0.000025

Methoprene

0.00009

Methoxychlor

0.00003

Metolachlor

0.0078

Metribuzin

0.0005

Parathion

0.000013

Permethrin

0.000001

Picloram

0.029

Simazine

0.0005

Tebuthiuron

0.00027

Toxaphene

0.0000002

Triallate

0.00024

Trifluarin

0.0002

Table 1.7: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Other Organics, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Lowest

Guideline

Fine

Lowest

Guideline

Coarse

Acetone

13

Acridine

0.00005

Aniline

0.0022

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether

30

Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether

30

Bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate

0.016

Chloroaniline, p-

0.04

Dibutyl phthalate

0.019

di-n-Butyltin

0.00008

Diethylphthalate

0.0038

Diisopropanolamine

1.6

2,4-Dinitrotoluene

0.29

Ethylene glycol

190

Hexachlorobutadiene

0.0013

Methyl methacrylate

17

0.84

Methyl ethyl ketone

150

Methyl isobutyl ketone

58

Methyl mercury

0.000015

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

23

MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl

ether)

5

0.34

Monochloramine

0.0005

Nonylphenol + ethoxylates

0.0007

Propylene glycol

500

Quinoline

0.0034

Sulfolane

0.5

Tributyltin

0.000001

Triethyltin

0.0004

Triphenyltin

0.000022

Table 1.8: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), General and Inorganic Parameters, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on

Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Irriga-tion

j

All

Live-

stock

j

All

Wildlife

Watering

Fine

Wildlife

Watering

Coarse

pH

-

6.5-9

7-8.7

-

Ammonia

-

see note d

-

Chloride

-

120

-

100

-

Chlorine

-

0.002

h,i

0.002

h,i

0.003

h,i

0.003

h,i

-

Cyanide

-

0.005

0.001

h,i

0.001

h,i

-

Fluoride

-

0.12

1.5

h,i

1.5

h,i

1

-

Nitrate

-

13

16

-

Nitrate +

Nitrite (as

nitrogen)

-

100

-

Nitrite (as

nitrogen)

-

0.06

-

10

-

Sulphate

-

100

h,i

100

h,i

-

1000

-

Sulphide (as

H

2

S)

-

0.002

h,i

0.002

h,i

-

Total

Dissolved

Solids (TDS)

-

3000

-

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Esdat Environmental Database Management Software

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

24

Table 1.9: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Metals, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and

Coarse Soil)

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Irriga-tion

j

All

Live-

stock

j

All

Wildlife

Watering

Fine

Wildlife

Watering

Coarse

Aluminium

-

see note d

-

5

-

Antimony

-

2.0

f,i

2.0

f,i

-

Arsenic

-

0.005

0.0125

0.1

0.025

-

Barium

-

2.9

f,i

2.9

f,i

0.5

h,i

0.5

h,i

-

Beryllium

-

0.0053

h,i

0.0053

h,i

0.1

h,i

0.1

h,i

0.1

-

Boron

-

5

h,i

5

h,i

0.5

5

-

Cadmium

-

0.000017

0.0001

2

0.00012

0.0051

0.08

-

Chromium

(Total)

-

0.0089

0.056

-

0.05

-

Cobalt

-

0.05

1

-

Copper

-

see note d

0.002

h,i

0.002

h,i

0.2

0.5

-

Iron

-

0.3

-

5

-

Lead

-

see note d

0.002

h,i

0.002

h,i

0.2

0.1

-

Manganese

-

0.2

-

Mercury

-

0.000026

0.0000

16

0.00001

6

-

0.003

-

Molybdenum

-

0.073

-

Nickel

-

see note d

0.083

h,i

0.083

h,i

0.2

1

-

Selenium

-

0.001

0.054

h,i

0.054

h,i

0.02

0.05

-

Silver

-

0.0001

0.0015

h,i

0.0015

h,i

0.02

0.05

-

Thallium

-

0.0008

-

Titanium

-

0.1

h,i

0.1

h,i

-

Uranium

-

0.015

-

0.01

0.2

-

Vanadium

-

0.1

-

Zinc

-

0.03

0.01

h,i

0.01

h,i

1

50

-

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Esdat Environmental Database Management Software

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

25

Table 1.10: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Hydrocarbons, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil

and Coarse Soil)

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Irriga-tion

j

All

Live-

stoc

k

j

All

Wildlife

Watering

Fine

Wildlife

Watering

Coarse

Benzene

2.8

0.14

100

61

33

0.69

9.8

0.2

-

0.088

6.8

0.14

Toluene

NGR

74

82

59

NGR

0.083

NGR

8.9

-

4.9

NGR

180

Ethylbenze

ne

NGR

16

42

20

NGR

41

NGR

11

-

3.2

NGR

Xylenes

80

3.9

21

31

NGR

18

-

13

NGR

Styrene

90

4.3

-

0.072

-

F1

19

0.81

6.5

7.1

NGR

9.8

-

53

NGR

F2

NGR

1.5

1.8

NGR

1.3

-

NGR

Acenaphthe

ne

NGR

-

0.0058

-

NGR

Acenaphthy

lene

-

0.046

-

Anthracene

NGR

0.025

0.000012

-

NGR

Fluoranthen

e

NGR

0.24

0.00004

-

NGR

Fluorene

NGR

-

0.003

0.012

h,i

0.012

h,i

-

NGR

Methylnaph

thalenes

35

f

6.2

f

-

0.18

f,i

0.18

f,i

-

Naphthalen

e

14

0.6

-

0.0011

0.0014

-

NGR

Phenanthre

ne

-

0.0004

-

NGR

Pyrene

NGR

-

0.000025

-

NGR

Benz[a]anth

racene

g

-

0.000018

-

NGR

Benzo[b+j]fl

uoranthene

g

-

0.00048

-

NGR

Benzo[k]flu

oranthene

g

-

0.00048

-

NGR

-

0.00021

0.00017

-

www.esdat.net

Esdat Environmental Database Management Software

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

26

Benzo[g,h,i]

perylene

g

Benzo[a]pyr

ene

g

-

0.0018

0.000017

0.000015

0.00001

h,i

0.00001

h,i

-

NGR

Chrysene

g

-

0.0014

0.0001

h,i

0.0001

h,i

-

NGR

Dibenz[

a,h]anth

racene

g

-

0.00028

0.00026

-

NGR

Indeno[

1,2,3-

c,d]pyre

ne

g

-

0.00023

0.00021

-

Table 1.11: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Halogenated Aliphatics, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type

(Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Fresh

water

Life

b

Fine

Freshwa

ter Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Irriga-

tion

j

All

Live-stock

j

All

Wildlife

Watering

Fine

Wildlife

Watering

Coarse

Vinyl chloride

0.018

0.0011

-

1,1-Dichloroethene

0.68

0.039

-

cis-1,2-Dichloroethene

0.017

f

0.0016

f

-

14

,i

14

,i

-

trans-1,2-Dichloroethene

0.017

f

0.0016

f

-

28

f,i

28

f,i

-

Trichloroethene

(Trichloroethylene, TCE)

0.41

0.02

4.4

5

0.27

0.029

-

0.05

-

Tetrachloroethene

(Tetrachloroethylene,

Perchloroethylene, PCE)

2.3

0.11

-

0.11

-

1,1-Dichloroethane

3.1

f

0.32

f

-

260

f,i

260

f,i

-

1,2-Dichloroethane

0.17

0.01

-

0.1

-

0.005

-

Dichloromethane

(Methylene chloride)

61

3.4

-

0.098

-

0.05

-

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane

0.028

f

0.0033

f

-

2.5

f,i

2.5

f,i

-

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

0.015

f

0.0032

f

-

3.0

f,i

3.0

f,i

-

1,1,1-Trichloroethane

6.7

f

0.64

f

-

1.1

f,i

1.1

f,i

-

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

27

1,1,2-Trichloroethane

0.03

f

0.0047

f

-

12

f,i

12

f,i

-

Trichloromethane

(Chloroform)

0.05

0.003

-

0.0018

-

0.1

-

Tetrachloromethane

(Carbon tetrachloride)

0.011

0.00056

-

0.013

-

0.005

-

1,2-Dichloropropane

0.14

f

0.016

f

-

7.2

f,i

7.2

f,i

-

1,3-Dichloropropene

0.045

f

0.0052

f

-

0.31

f,i

0.31

f,i

-

Bromoform

0.77

f

0.38

f

-

3.7

f,i

3.7

f,i

-

Bromomethane

0.056

f

0.0056

f

-

0.4

f,i

0.4

f,i

-

Bromodichloromethane

-

8.5

f,i

8.5

f,i

-

Dibromochloromethane

26

1.1

-

0.1

-

Ethylene dibromide

8.3E-4

f

0.00025

f

-

12

f,i

12

f,i

-

Table 1.12: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Chlorinated Aromatics, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type

(Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshw

ater

Life

b

Fine

Freshw

ater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Irriga-

tion

j

All

Live-stock

j

All

Wildlife

Watering

Fine

Wildlife

Watering

Coarse

Chlorobenzene

0.3

0.014

-

0.0013

0.025

-

1,2-

Dichlorobenzene

116

5.4

-

0.0007

0.042

-

1,3-

Dichlorobenzene

-

0.15

0.042

h,i

0.042

h,i

-

1,4-

Dichlorobenzene

4.6

0.22

-

0.026

-

1,2,3-

Trichlorobenzene

0.8

0.032

-

0.008

-

1,2,4-

Trichlorobenzene

0.71

0.028

-

0.024

0.0054

-

1,3,5-

Trichlorobenzene

0.38

0.015

-

1,2,3,4-

Tetrachlorobenzene

NGR

0.14

-

0.0018

-

1,2,3,5-

Tetrachlorobenzene

0.41

0.017

-

1,2,4,5-

Tetrachlorobenzene

0.21

0.0088

-

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

28

Pentachlorobenzen

e

NGR

0.038

-

0.006

-

Hexachlorobenzene

0.029

0.0012

-

0.00052

-

Table 1.13: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Phenols, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and

Coarse Soil)

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwat

er Life

b

Fine

Fresh

water

Life

b

Coars

e

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Irriga-

tion

j

All

Live-stock

j

All

Wildlife

Watering

Fine

Wildlife

Watering

Coarse

2-Chlorophenol

-

0.33

f,i

0.33

f,i

-

2,4-Dichlorophenol

NGR

1500

-

0.0002

-

2,4-Dimethylphenol

-

3.9

f,i

3.9

f,i

-

2,4-Dinitrophenol

-

1.1

f,i

1.1

f,i

-

Phenol

73000

3700

110

150

0.004

-

0.002

-

2,4,5-

Trichlorophenol

-

0.16

f,i

0.16

f,i

-

2,4,6-

Trichlorophenol

NGR

54

-

0.018

-

2,3,4,6-

Tetrachlorophenol

NGR

-

0.001

-

Pentachlorophenol

NGR

0.87

0.88

0.0005

-

Table 1.14: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Pesticides, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil

and Coarse Soil)

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwat

er Life

b

Fine

Fresh

water

Life

b

Coars

e

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Irriga-

tion

j

All

Live-stock

j

All

Wildlife

Watering

Fine

Wildlife

Waterin

g

Coarse

Aldicarb

-

0.001

0.00015

0.055

0.011

-

Aldrin

-

0.003

-

Atrazine and

metabolites

-

0.0018

0.01

h,i

0.01

h,i

0.01

0.005

-

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

29

Azniphos-methyl

-

0.00001

0.0000

1

-

Bromacil

-

0.005

-

Bromoxynil

-

0.005

-

0.00033

0.011

-

Captan

-

0.0013

-

Carbaryl

-

0.0002

0.00032

-

1.1

-

Carbofuran

-

0.0018

-

0.045

-

Chlordane

0.086

f

0.058

f

-

0.015

f,i

0.015

f,i

-

Chlorothalonil

-

0.00018

0.0001

8

0.00036

0.0058

0.17

-

Chlorpyrifos

-

0.0000035

0.0000

035

0.00000

2

0.00000

2

-

0.024

-

Cyanazine

-

0.002

-

0.0005

0.01

-

2,4-D (2,4-

Dichlorophenoxy

acetic acid) &

other phenoxy

herbicides

-

0.004

-

0.1

-

DDAC (Didecyl

dimethyl

ammonium

chloride)

-

0.0015

-

DDT (Dichloro-

Diphenyl-

Trichloroethane)

& metabolites

-

0.000001

0.0000

01

-

0.1

-

Deltamethrin

-

0.0000004

0.0000

004

-

Diazinon

-

0.000003

h,i

0.0000

03

h,i

-

Dicamba

-

0.01

-

0.00000

6

0.12

-

Dichlofop-methyl

-

0.0061

-

0.00018

0.009

-

Dieldrin

-

0.000056

0.0000

56

-

Dimethoate

-

0.0062

-

0.003

-

Dinoseb

-

0.00005

0.0000

5

-

0.016

0.15

-

Endosulfan

-

0.00003

0.0000

3

0.00002

-

Endrin

-

0.000036

0.0000

36

-

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

30

Glyphosate

-

0.065

-

0.28

-

Heptachlor

epoxide

0.0043

0.00024

-

0.0000038

0.0000

038

-

Imidacloprid

-

0.00023

0.0002

3

-

IPBC (3-iodo-2-

propynyl butyl

carbamate)

-

0.0019

-

Lindane (γ-

hexachlorocycloh

exane)

-

0.00001

0.0000

1

-

0.004

-

Linuron

-

0.007

-

0.00007

1

-

Malathion

-

0.0001

-

MCPA

-

0.0026

0.0042

0.00002

5

0.025

-

Methoprene

-

0.00009

0.0000

9

-

Methoxychlor

-

0.00003

0.0000

3

-

Metolachlor

-

0.0078

-

0.028

0.05

-

Metribuzin

-

0.001

-

0.0005

0.08

-

Parathion

-

0.000013

0.0000

13

-

Permethrin

-

0.000004

0.0000

04

0.00000

1

0.00000

1

-

Picloram

-

0.029

-

0.19

-

Simazine

-

0.01

-

0.0005

0.01

-

Tebuthiuron

-

0.0016

-

0.00027

0.13

-

Toxaphene

6.4

0.31

-

0.0000002

0.0000

002

-

Triallate

-

0.00024

0.0002

4

-

0.23

-

Trifluarin

-

0.0002

-

0.045

-

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

31

Table 1.15: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Other Organics, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type (Fine

Soil and Coarse Soil)

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwat

er Life

b

Fine

Fresh

water

Life

b

Coars

e

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Irriga-

tion

j

All

Live-stock

j

All

Wildlife

Watering

Fine

Wildlife

Waterin

g

Coarse

Acetone

7700

f

1800

f

-

13

f,i

13

f,i

-

Acridine

-

0.00005

h,i

0.0000

5

h,i

-

Aniline

1900

87

-

0.0022

-

Bis(2-

chloroethyl)ethe

r

2800

f

810

f

-

30

f,i

30

f,i

-

Bis(2-

chloroisopropyl)

ether

1600

f

400

f

-

30

f,i

30

f,i

-

Bis(2-ethyl-

hexyl)phthalate

NGR

-

0.016

-

Chloroaniline, p-

-

0.04

f,i

0.04

f,i

-

Dibutyl

phthalate

NGR

-

0.019

-

di-n-Butyltin

-

0.00008

h,i

0.0000

8

h,i

-

Diethylphthalate

-

0.0038

f,i

0.0038

f,i

-

Diisopropanola

mine

-

160

1.6

-

2

-

2,4-

Dinitrotoluene

-

0.29

f,i

0.29

f,i

-

Ethylene glycol

NGR

9200

16000

190

-

Hexachlorobuta

diene

0.031

0.0013

-

0.0013

-

Methyl

methacrylate

17

0.84

-

Methyl ethyl

ketone

1700

f

470

f

-

150

f,i

150

f,i

-

Methyl isobutyl

ketone

600

f

140

f

-

58

f,i

58

f,i

-

Methyl mercury

-

0.000015

f,i

0.0000

15

f,i

-

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Esdat Environmental Database Management Software

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TABLE 1 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR AGRICULTURAL LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

32

MTBE (Methyl

tert-butyl ether)

6.1

0.34

-

10

5

-

Monochloramin

e

0.0005

h,i

0.0005

h,i

Nonylphenol +

ethoxylates

-

0.0081

0.001

0.0007

-

Propylene glycol

-

500

-

Quinoline

-

0.0034

h,i

0.0034

h,i

-

Sulfolane

-

1700

2800

50

-

0.5

-

Tributyltin

-

0.000008

0.0000

08

0.00000

1

0.00000

1

-

0.25

-

Triethyltin

-

0.0004

h,i

0.0004

h,i

-

Triphenyltin

-

0.000022

0.0000

22

-

0.8

-

a – all values adopted from Alberta Environment (AESRD) (2010a) unless otherwise specified

b – where AESRD (2010a) guideline was not based on the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (CWQG) for the Protection of Aquatic Life for freshwater environments (CCME

1999), and a CWQG exists, the groundwater quality guideline was re-calculated based on the CWQG

c – based on Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (CWQG) for the Protection of Aquatic Life for the marine environments(CCME 1999) and groundwater transport model

d – the freshwater aquatic life guidelines vary depending on water pH, hardness etc. Therefore, see Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Aquatic Life

(CCME 1999) to determine the appropriate water quality guideline applicable to the site and calculate the groundwater guidelines using formulas provided in Appendix B

e – guideline is the lowest of all applicable pathways

f – adopted from Ontario Ministry of the Environment (OMOE) (2010)

g – for ecological receptors only

h – adopted from BC Contaminated Sites Regulation

i - 10x factor for dilution in surface water was removed from guideline value

j – adopted directly from CCME (1999)

NGR – no guideline required; calculated guideline exceeds solubility limit

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TABLE 2 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL/PARKLAND LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

33

Table 2.0: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), General and Inorganic Parameters, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil

and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Fine

Coarse

pH

6.5-9

Ammonia

See note e

Chloride

120

Chlorine

0.002

Cyanide

0.001

Fluoride

0.12

Nitrate

13

Nitrite (as nitrogen)

0.06

Sulphate

100

Sulphide (as H

2

S)

0.002

Table 2.1: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Metals, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

S

7

S e

Fine

Coarse

Aluminium

ee note e

See note e

Antimony

2.0

Arsenic

0.005

Barium

0.5

Beryllium

0.0053

Boron

5

Cadmium

0.00001

0.000017

Chromium (Total)

0.0089

Copper

ee note

See note e

Iron

0.3

Lead

ee note

See note e

Mercury

ee note

See note e

Molybdenum

0.073

Nickel

ee note

See note e

Selenium

0.001

Silver

0.0001

Thallium

0.0008

Titanium

0.1

Uranium

0.015

Zinc

0.01

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TABLE 2 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL/PARKLAND LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

34

Table 2.2: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Hydrocarbons, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Fine

Coarse

Benzene

2.8

0.14

Toluene

82

0.083

Ethylbenzene

42

11

Xylenes

21

3.9

Styrene

0.072

F1

6.5

0.81

F2

1.8

1.3

Acenaphthene

0.0058

Acenaphthylene

0.046

Anthracene

0.000012

Fluoranthene

0.00004

Fluorene

0.003

Methylnaphthalenes

0.18

Naphthalene

0.0011

Phenanthrene

0.0004

Pyrene

0.000025

Benz[a]anthracene

g

0.000018

Benzo[b+j]fluoranthene

g

0.00048

Benzo[k]fluoranthene

g

0.00048

Benzo[g,h,i]perylene

g

0.00021

0.00017

Benzo[a]pyrene

g

0.00001

Chrysene

g

0.0001

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene

g

0.00028

0.00026

Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene

g

0.00023

0.00021

Table 2.3: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Halogenated Aliphatics, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse

Soil)

Parameters

Fine

Coarse

Vinyl chloride

0.018

0.0011

1,1-Dichloroethene

0.68

0.039

cis-1,2-Dichloroethene

0.017

0.0016

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TABLE 2 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL/PARKLAND LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

35

trans-1,2-Dichloroethene

0.017

0.0016

Trichloroethene

(Trichloroethylene, TCE)

0.27

0.02

Tetrachloroethene

(Tetrachloroethylene,

Perchloroethylene, PCE)

0.11

1,1-Dichloroethane

3.1

0.32

1,2-Dichloroethane

0.1

0.01

Dichloromethane

(Methylene chloride)

0.098

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane

0.028

0.0034

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

0.015

0.0032

1,1,1-Trichloroethane

1.1

0.64

1,1,2-Trichloroethane

0.03

0.0047

Trichloromethane

(Chloroform)

0.0018

Tetrachloromethane

(Carbon tetrachloride)

0.011

0.00056

1,2-Dichloropropane

0.14

0.016

1,3-Dichloropropene

0.045

0.0052

Bromoform

0.77

0.38

Bromomethane

0.056

0.0056

Bromodichloromethane

8.5

Dibromochloromethane

26

1.1

Ethylene dibromide

0.00083

0.00025

Table 2.4: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Chlorinated Aromatics, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse

Soil)

Parameters

Fine

Coarse

Chlorobenzene

0.0013

1,2-Dichlorobenzene

0.0007

1,3-Dichlorobenzene

0.042

1,4-Dichlorobenzene

0.026

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene

0.008

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

0.0054

1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene

0.38

0.015

1,2,3,4-

Tetrachlorobenzene

0.0018

1,2,3,5-

0.41

0.017

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TABLE 2 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL/PARKLAND LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

36

Tetrachlorobenzene

1,2,4,5-

Tetrachlorobenzene

0.21

0.0088

Pentachlorobenzene

0.006

Hexachlorobenzene

0.029

0.0012

Table 2.5: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Phenols, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Fine

Coarse

2-Chlorophenol

0.33

2,4-Dichlorophenol

0.0002

2,4-Dimethylphenol

3.9

2,4-Dinitrophenol

1.1

Phenol

0.004

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol

0.16

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

0.018

2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol

0.001

Pentachlorophenol

0.0005

Table 2.6: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Pesticides, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Fine

Coarse

Aldicarb

0.00015

Aldrin

0.003

Atrazine and metabolites

0.0018

Azniphos-methyl

0.00001

Bromacil

0.005

Bromoxynil

0.005

Captan

0.0013

Carbaryl

0.0002

Carbofuran

0.0018

Chlordane

0.015

Chlorothalonil

0.00018

Chlorpyrifos

0.000002

Cyanazine

0.002

2,4-D (2,4-

0.004

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TABLE 2 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL/PARKLAND LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

37

Dichlorophenoxyacetic

acid) & other phenoxy

herbicides

DDAC (Didecyl dimethyl

ammonium chloride)

0.0015

DDT (Dichloro-Diphenyl-

Trichloroethane) &

metabolites

0.000001

Deltamethrin

0.0000004

Diazinon

0.000003

Dicamba

0.01

Dichlofop-methyl

0.0061

Dieldrin

0.000056

Dimethoate

0.0062

Dinoseb

0.00005

Endosulfan

0.00002

Endrin

0.000036

Glyphosate

0.065

Heptachlor epoxide

0.0000038

Imidacloprid

0.00023

IPBC (3-iodo-2-propynyl

butyl carbamate)

0.0019

Lindane (γ-

hexachlorocyclohexane)

0.00001

Linuron

0.007

Malathion

0.0001

MCPA

0.0026

Methoprene

0.00009

Methoxychlor

0.00003

Metolachlor

0.0078

Metribuzin

0.001

Parathion

0.000013

Permethrin

0.000001

Picloram

0.029

Simazine

0.01

Tebuthiuron

0.0016

Toxaphene

0.0000002

Triallate

0.00024

Trifluarin

0.0002

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TABLE 2 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL/PARKLAND LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

38

Table 2.7: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Other Organics, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Fine

Coarse

Acetone

13

Acridine

0.00005

Aniline

0.0022

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether

30

Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether

30

Bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate

0.016

Chloroaniline, p-

0.04

Dibutyl phthalate

0.019

di-n-Butyltin

0.00008

Diethylphthalate

0.0038

Diisopropanolamine

1.6

2,4-Dinitrotoluene

0.29

Ethylene glycol

190

Hexachlorobutadiene

0.0013

Methyl methacrylate

17

0.84

Methyl ethyl ketone

150

Methyl isobutyl ketone

58

Methyl mercury

0.000015

MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl

ether)

5

0.34

Monochloramine

0.0005

Nonylphenol + ethoxylates

0.0007

Propylene glycol

500

Quinoline

0.0034

Sulfolane

50

Tributyltin

0.000001

Triethyltin

0.0004

Triphenyltin

0.000022

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TABLE 2 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL/PARKLAND LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

39

Table 2.8: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), General and Inorganic Parameters, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on

Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

pH

-

6.5-9

7-8.7

Ammonia

-

see note d

-

Chloride

-

120

-

Chlorine

-

0.002

h,i

0.002

h,i

0.003

h,i

0.003

h,i

Cyanide

-

0.005

0.001

h,i

0.001

h,i

Fluoride

-

0.12

1.5

h,i

1.5

h,i

Nitrate

-

13

16

Nitrite (as nitrogen)

-

0.06

-

Sulphate

-

100

h,i

100

h,i

-

Sulphide (as H

2

S)

-

0.002

h,i

0.002

h,i

Table 2.9: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Metals, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and

Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Aluminium

-

see note d

-

Antimony

-

2.0

f,i

2.0

f,i

-

Arsenic

-

0.005

0.0125

Barium

-

2.9

f,i

2.9

f,i

0.5

h,i

0.5

h,i

Beryllium

-

0.0053

h,i

0.0053

h,i

0.1

h,i

0.1

h,i

Boron

-

5

h,i

5

h,i

Cadmium

-

0.000017

0.00012

Chromium (Total)

-

0.0089

0.056

Copper

-

see note d

0.002

h,i

0.002

h,i

Iron

-

0.3

-

Lead

-

see note d

0.002

h,i

0.002

h,i

Mercury

-

0.000026

0.00001

6

0.000016

Molybdenum

-

0.073

-

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TABLE 2 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL/PARKLAND LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

40

Nickel

-

see note d

0.083

h,i

0.083

h,i

Selenium

-

0.001

0.054

h,i

0.054

h,i

Silver

-

0.0001

0.0015

h,i

0.0015

h,i

Thallium

-

0.0008

-

Titanium

0.1

h,i

0.1

h,i

Uranium

-

0.015

-

Zinc

-

0.03

0.01

h,i

0.01

h,i

Table 2.10: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Hydrocarbons, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil

and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Benzene

2.8

0.14

100

61

33

0.69

9.8

0.2

Toluene

NGR

74

82

59

NGR

0.083

NGR

8.9

Ethylbenzene

NGR

16

42

20

NGR

41

NGR

11

Xylenes

80

3.9

21

31

NGR

18

-

Styrene

90

4.3

-

0.072

-

F1

19

0.81

6.5

7.1

NGR

9.8

-

F2

NGR

1.5

1.8

NGR

1.3

-

Acenaphthene

NGR

-

0.0058

-

Acenaphthylene

-

0.046

-

Anthracene

NGR

0.025

0.000012

-

Fluoranthene

NGR

0.24

0.00004

-

Fluorene

NGR

-

0.003

0.012

h,i

0.012

h,i

Methylnaphthalenes

35

f

6.2

f

-

0.18

f,i

0.18

f,i

-

Naphthalene

14

0.6

-

0.0011

0.0014

Phenanthrene

-

0.0004

-

Pyrene

NGR

-

0.000025

-

Benz[a]anthracene

g

-

0.000018

-

Benzo[b+j]fluoranthene

g

-

0.00048

-

Benzo[k]fluoranthene

g

-

0.00048

-

Benzo[g,h,i]perylene

g

-

0.00021

0.00017

-

Benzo[a]pyrene

g

-

0.0018

0.000017

0.000015

0.00001

h,i

0.00001

h,i

Chrysene

g

-

0.0014

0.0001

h,i

0.0001

h,i

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene

g

-

0.00028

0.00026

-

Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene

g

-

0.00023

0.00021

-

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TABLE 2 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL/PARKLAND LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

41

Table 2.11: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Halogenated Aliphatics, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type

(Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Vinyl chloride

0.018

0.0011

-

1,1-Dichloroethene

0.68

0.039

-

cis-1,2-Dichloroethene

0.017

f

0.0016

f

-

18

f,i

18

f,i

-

trans-1,2-Dichloroethene

0.017

f

0.0016

f

-

28

f,i

28

f,i

-

Trichloroethene

(Trichloroethylene, TCE)

0.41

0.02

4.4

5

0.27

0.029

-

Tetrachloroethene

(Tetrachloroethylene,

Perchloroethylene, PCE)

2.3

0.11

-

0.11

-

1,1-Dichloroethane

3.1

f

0.32

f

-

260

f,i

260

f,i

-

1,2-Dichloroethane

0.17

0.01

-

0.1

-

Dichloromethane

(Methylene chloride)

61

3.4

-

0.098

-

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane

0.028

f

0.0034

f

-

2.5

f,i

2.5

f,i

-

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

0.015

f

0.0032

f

-

3.0

f,i

3.0

f,i

-

1,1,1-Trichloroethane

6.7

f

0.64

f

-

1.1

f,i

1.1

f,i

-

1,1,2-Trichloroethane

0.03

f

0.0047

f

-

12

f,i

12

f,i

-

Trichloromethane

(Chloroform)

0.05

0.003

-

0.0018

-

Tetrachloromethane

(Carbon tetrachloride)

0.011

0.00056

-

0.013

-

1,2-Dichloropropane

0.14

f

0.016

f

-

7.2

f,i

7.2

f,i

-

1,3-Dichloropropene

0.045

f

0.0052

f

-

0.31

f,i

0.31

f,i

-

Bromoform

0.77

f

0.38

f

-

3.7

f,i

3.7

f,i

-

Bromomethane

0.056

f

0.0056

f

-

0.4

f,i

0.4

f,i

-

Bromodichloromethane

-

8.5

f,i

8.5

f,i

-

Dibromochloromethane

26

1.1

-

Ethylene dibromide

8.3E-4

f

0.00025

f

-

12

f,i

12

f,i

-

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TABLE 2 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL/PARKLAND LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

42

Table 2.12: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Chlorinated Aromatics, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type

(Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Chlorinated Aromatics

Chlorobenzene

0.3

0.014

-

0.0013

0.025

1,2-Dichlorobenzene

116

5.4

-

0.0007

0.042

1,3-Dichlorobenzene

-

0.15

0.042

h,i

0.042

h,i

1,4-Dichlorobenzene

4.6

0.22

-

0.026

-

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene

0.8

0.032

-

0.008

-

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

0.71

0.028

-

0.024

0.0054

1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene

0.38

0.015

-

1,2,3,4-

Tetrachlorobenzene

NGR

0.14

-

0.0018

-

1,2,3,5-

Tetrachlorobenzene

0.41

0.017

-

1,2,4,5-

Tetrachlorobenzene

0.21

0.0088

-

Pentachlorobenzene

NGR

0.038

-

0.006

-

Hexachlorobenzene

0.029

0.0012

-

Table 2.13: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Phenols, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and

Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

2-Chlorophenol

-

0.33

f,i

0.33

f,i

-

2,4-Dichlorophenol

NGR

1500

-

0.0002

-

2,4-Dimethylphenol

-

3.9

f,i

3.9

f,i

-

2,4-Dinitrophenol

-

1.1

f,i

1.1

f,i

-

Phenol

73000

3700

110

150

0.004

-

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol

-

0.16

f,i

0.16

f,i

-

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

NGR

54

-

0.018

-

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TABLE 2 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL/PARKLAND LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

43

2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol

NGR

-

0.001

-

Pentachlorophenol

NGR

0.87

0.88

0.0005

-

Table 2.14: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Pesticides, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil

and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Aldicarb

-

0.001

0.00015

Aldrin

-

0.003

-

Atrazine and metabolites

-

0.0018

0.01

h,i

0.01

h,i

Azniphos-methyl

-

0.00001

-

Bromacil

-

0.005

-

Bromoxynil

-

0.005

-

Captan

-

0.0013

-

Carbaryl

-

0.0002

0.00032

Carbofuran

-

0.0018

-

Chlordane

0.086

f

0.058

f

-

0.015

f,i

0.015

f,i

-

Chlorothalonil

-

0.00018

0.00036

Chlorpyrifos

-

0.0000035

0.00000

2

0.000002

Cyanazine

-

0.002

-

2,4-D (2,4-

Dichlorophenoxyacetic

acid) & other phenoxy

herbicides

-

0.004

-

DDAC (Didecyl dimethyl

ammonium chloride)

-

0.0015

-

DDT (Dichloro-Diphenyl-

Trichloroethane) &

metabolites

-

0.000001

-

Deltamethrin

-

0.0000004

-

Diazinon

0.000003

h,i

0.000003

h,i

Dicamba

-

0.01

-

Dichlofop-methyl

-

0.0061

-

Dieldrin

-

0.000056

-

Dimethoate

-

0.0062

-

Dinoseb

-

0.00005

-

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TABLE 2 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL/PARKLAND LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

44

Endosulfan

-

0.00003

0.00002

Endrin

-

0.000036

-

Glyphosate

-

0.065

-

Heptachlor epoxide

0.0043

0.00024

-

0.0000038

-

Imidacloprid

-

0.00023

-

IPBC (3-iodo-2-propynyl

butyl carbamate)

-

0.0019

-

Lindane (γ-

hexachlorocyclohexane)

-

0.00001

-

Linuron

-

0.007

-

Malathion

-

0.0001

-

MCPA

-

0.0026

0.0042

Methoprene

-

0.00009

-

Methoxychlor

-

0.00003

-

Metolachlor

-

0.0078

-

Metribuzin

-

0.001

-

Parathion

-

0.000013

-

Permethrin

-

0.000004

0.00000

1

0.000001

Picloram

-

0.029

-

Simazine

-

0.01

-

Tebuthiuron

-

0.0016

-

Toxaphene

6.4

0.31

-

0.0000002

-

Triallate

-

0.00024

-

Trifluarin

-

0.0002

-

Table 2.15: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Other Organics, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type (Fine

Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil Organisms

Direct Contact

Fine

Soil Organisms

Direct Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Acetone

7700

f

1800

f

-

13

f,i

13

f,i

-

Acridine

-

0.00005

h,i

0.00005

h,i

-

Aniline

1,900

87

-

0.0022

-

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether

2800

f

810

f

-

30

f,i

30

f,i

-

Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether

1600

f

400

f

-

30

f,i

30

f,i

-

Bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate

NGR

-

0.016

-

Chloroaniline, p-

-

0.04

f,i

0.04

f,i

-

Dibutyl phthalate

NGR

-

0.019

-

di-n-Butyltin

-

0.00008

h,i

0.00008

h,i

-

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TABLE 2 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR RESIDENTIAL/PARKLAND LAND USE

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

45

Diethylphthalate

-

0.0038

f,i

0.0038

f,i

-

Diisopropanolamine

-

160

1.6

-

2,4-Dinitrotoluene

-

0.29

f,i

0.29

f,i

-

Ethylene glycol

NGR

9200

16000

190

-

Hexachlorobutadiene

0.031

0.0013

-

0.0013

-

Methyl methacrylate

17

0.84

-

Methyl ethyl ketone

1700

f

470

f

-

150

f,i

150

f,i

-

Methyl isobutyl ketone

600

f

140

f

-

58

f,i

58

f,i

-

Methyl mercury

-

0.000015

f,i

0.000015

f,i

-

MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl

ether)

6.1

0.34

-

10

5

Monochloramine

-

0.0005

h,i

0.0005

h,i

-

Nonylphenol + ethoxylates

-

0.0081

0.001

0.0007

Propylene glycol

-

500

-

Quinoline

-

0.0034

h,i

0.0034

h,i

-

Sulfolane

-

1700

2800

50

-

Tributyltin

-

0.000008

0.00000

1

0.00000

1

Triethyltin

-

0.0004

h,i

0.0004

h,i

-

Triphenyltin

-

0.000022

-

a – all values adopted from Alberta Environment (AESRD) (2010a) unless otherwise specified

b – where AESRD (2010a) guideline was not based on the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (CWQG) for the Protection of Aquatic Life for freshwater

environments (CCME 1999), and a CWQG exists, the groundwater quality guideline was re-calculated based on the CWQG

c – based on Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (CWQG) for the Protection of Aquatic Life for the marine environments(CCME 1999) and groundwater

transport model

d – the freshwater aquatic life guidelines vary depending on water pH, hardness etc. Therefore, see Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of

Aquatic Life (CCME 1999) to determine the appropriate water quality guideline applicable to the site and calculate the groundwater guidelines using

formulas provided in Appendix B

e – guideline is the lowest of all applicable pathways

f – adopted from Ontario Ministry of the Environment (OMOE) (2009)

g – for ecological receptors only

h – adopted from BC Contaminated Sites Regulation

i - 10x factor for dilution in surface water was removed from guideline value

j – adopted directly from CCME (1999)

NGR – no guideline required; calculated guideline exceeds solubility limit

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

46

Table 3.0: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), General and Inorganic Parameters, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil

and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Fine

Coarse

pH

6.5-9

Ammonia

See note e

Chloride

100

Chlorine

0.002

Cyanide

0.001

Fluoride

0.12

Nitrate

13

Nitrate + Nitrite (as nitrogen)

100

Nitrite (as nitrogen)

0.06

Sulphate

100

Sulphide (as H

2

S)

0.002

Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

3000

Table 3.1: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Metals, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Fine

Coarse

Aluminium

See note e

Antimony

2.0

Arsenic

0.005

Barium

0.5

Beryllium

0.0053

Boron

0.5

Cadmium

0.000017

Chromium (Total)

See note e

Cobalt

0.05

Copper

See note e

Iron

0.3

Lead

See note e

Manganese

0.2

Mercury

See note e

Molybdenum

0.073

Nickel

See note e

Selenium

0.001

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

47

Silver

See note e

Thallium

0.0008

Titanium

0.1

Uranium

0.01

Vanadium

0.1

Zinc

0.01

Table 3.2: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Hydrocarbons, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Fine

Coarse

Benzene

0.088

Toluene

4.9

0.083

Ethylbenzene

3.2

Xylenes

13

3.9

Styrene

0.072

F1

6.5

0.81

F2

1.8

1.3

Acenaphthene

0.0058

Acenaphthylene

0.046

Anthracene

0.000012

Fluoranthene

0.00004

Fluorene

0.003

Methylnaphthalenes

0.18

Naphthalene

0.0011

Phenanthrene

0.0004

Pyrene

0.000025

Benz[a]anthracene

g

0.000018

Benzo[b+j]fluoranthene

g

0.00048

Benzo[k]fluoranthene

g

0.00048

Benzo[g,h,i]perylene

g

0.00021

0.00017

Benzo[a]pyrene

g

0.00001

Chrysene

g

0.0001

Dibenz[a,h]anthracene

g

0.00028

0.00026

Indeno[1,2,3-c,d]pyrene

g

0.00023

0.00021

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

48

Table 3.3: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Halogenated Aliphatics, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse

Soil)

Parameters

Fine

Coarse

Vinyl chloride

0.018

0.0011

1,1-Dichloroethene

0.68

0.039

cis-1,2-Dichloroethene

0.017

0.0016

trans-1,2-Dichloroethene

0.017

0.0016

Trichloroethene (Trichloroethylene,

TCE)

0.05

0.02

Tetrachloroethene

(Tetrachloroethylene,

Perchloroethylene, PCE)

0.11

1,1-Dichloroethane

3.1

0.32

1,2-Dichloroethane

0.005

Dichloromethane

(Methylene chloride)

0.05

1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane

0.028

0.0033

1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane

0.015

0.0032

1,1,1-Trichloroethane

1.1

0.64

1,1,2-Trichloroethane

0.03

0.0047

Trichloromethane (Chloroform)

0.0018

Tetrachloromethane

(Carbon tetrachloride)

0.005

0.00056

1,2-Dichloropropane

0.14

0.016

1,3-Dichloropropene

0.045

0.0052

Bromoform

0.77

0.38

Bromomethane

0.056

0.0056

Bromodichloromethane

8.5

Dibromochloromethane

0.1

Ethylene dibromide

0.00083

0.00025

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

49

Table 3.4: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Chlorinated Aromatics, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse

Soil)

Parameters

Fine

Coarse

Chlorobenzene

0.0013

1,2-Dichlorobenzene

0.0007

1,3-Dichlorobenzene

0.042

1,4-Dichlorobenzene

0.026

1,2,3-Trichlorobenzene

0.008

1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene

0.0054

1,3,5-Trichlorobenzene

0.38

0.015

1,2,3,4-Tetrachlorobenzene

0.0018

1,2,3,5-Tetrachlorobenzene

0.41

0.017

1,2,4,5-Tetrachlorobenzene

0.21

0.0088

Pentachlorobenzene

0.006

Hexachlorobenzene

0.00052

Table 3.5: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Phenols, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Fine

Coarse

2-Chlorophenol

0.33

2,4-Dichlorophenol

0.0002

2,4-Dimethylphenol

3.9

2,4-Dinitrophenol

1.1

Phenol

0.004

2,4,5-Trichlorophenol

0.16

2,4,6-Trichlorophenol

0.018

2,3,4,6-Tetrachlorophenol

0.001

Pentachlorophenol

0.0005

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

50

Table 3.6: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Pesticides, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Fine

Coarse

Aldicarb

0.00015

Aldrin

0.003

Atrazine and metabolites

0.0018

Azniphos-methyl

0.00001

Bromacil

0.005

Bromoxynil

0.00033

Captan

0.0013

Carbaryl

0.0002

Carbofuran

0.0018

Chlordane

0.015

Chlorothalonil

0.00018

Chlorpyrifos

0.000002

Cyanazine

0.0005

2,4-D (2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic

acid) & other phenoxy herbicides

0.004

DDAC (Didecyl dimethyl ammonium

chloride)

0.0015

DDT (Dichloro-Diphenyl-

Trichloroethane) & metabolites

0.000001

Deltamethrin

0.0000004

Diazinon

0.000003

Dicamba

0.000006

Dichlofop-methyl

0.00018

Dieldrin

0.000056

Dimethoate

0.003

Dinoseb

0.00005

Endosulfan

0.00002

Endrin

0.000036

Glyphosate

0.065

Heptachlor epoxide

0.0000038

Imidacloprid

0.00023

IPBC (3-iodo-2-propynyl butyl

carbamate)

0.0019

Lindane (γ-hexachlorocyclohexane)

0.00001

Linuron

0.000071

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

51

Malathion

0.0001

MCPA

0.000025

Methoprene

0.00009

Methoxychlor

0.00003

Metolachlor

0.0078

Metribuzin

0.0005

Parathion

0.000013

Permethrin

0.000001

Picloram

0.029

Simazine

0.0005

Tebuthiuron

0.00027

Toxaphene

0.0000002

Triallate

0.00024

Trifluarin

0.0002

Table 3.7: Tier 1 (Generic Groundwater Guidelines), Other Organics, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Fine

Coarse

Acetone

13

Acridine

0.00005

Aniline

0.0022

Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether

30

Bis(2-chloroisopropyl)ether

30

Bis(2-ethyl-hexyl)phthalate

0.016

Chloroaniline, p-

0.04

Dibutyl phthalate

0.019

di-n-Butyltin

0.00008

Diethylphthalate

0.0038

Diisopropanolamine

1.6

2,4-Dinitrotoluene

0.29

Ethylene glycol

190

Hexachlorobutadiene

0.0013

Methyl methacrylate

17

0.84

Methyl ethyl ketone

150

Methyl isobutyl ketone

58

Methyl mercury

0.000015

MTBE (Methyl tert-butyl ether)

5

0.34

Monochloramine

0.0005

Nonylphenol + ethoxylates

0.0007

Propylene glycol

500

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

52

Quinoline

0.0034

Sulfolane

0.5

Tributyltin

0.000001

Triethyltin

0.0004

Triphenyltin

0.000022

Table 3.8: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), General and Inorganic Parameters, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on

Soil Type (Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

pH

-

6.5-9

7-8.7

Ammonia

-

see note d

-

Chloride

-

120

-

Chlorine

-

0.002

h,i

0.002

h,i

0.003

h,i

0.003

h,i

Cyanide

-

0.005

0.001

h,i

0.001

h,i

Fluoride

-

0.12

1.5

h,i

1.5

h,i

Nitrate

-

13

16

Nitrite (as

nitrogen)

-

0.06

-

Sulphate

-

100

h,i

100

h,i

-

Sulphide (as H

2

S)

-

0.002

h,i

0.002

h,i

Table 3.9: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Metals, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and

Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Metals

Aluminium

-

see note d

-

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

53

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Antimony

-

2.0

f,i

2.0

f,i

-

Arsenic

-

0.005

0.0125

Barium

-

2.9

f,i

2.9

f,i

0.5

h,i

0.5

h,i

Beryllium

-

0.0053

h,i

0.0053

h,i

0.1

h,i

0.1

h,i

Boron

-

5

h,i

5

h,i

Cadmium

-

0.000017

0.00012

Chromium (Total)

-

0.0089

0.056

Copper

-

see note d

0.002

h,i

0.002

h,i

Iron

-

0.3

-

Lead

-

see note d

0.002

h,i

0.002

h,i

Mercury

-

0.000026

0.000016

Molybdenum

-

0.073

-

Nickel

-

see note d

0.083

h,i

0.083

h,i

Selenium

-

0.001

0.054

h,i

0.054

h,i

Silver

-

0.0001

0.0015

h,i

0.0015

h,i

Thallium

-

0.0008

-

Titanium

-

0.1

h,i

0.1

h,i

-

Uranium

-

0.015

-

Zinc

-

0.03

0.01

h,i

0.01

h,i

Table 3.10: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Hydrocarbons, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil

and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

oarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Hydrocarbons

Benzene

19

1.8

540

350

33

0.69

9.8

0.2

Toluene

NGR

240

200

NGR

0.083

NGR

8.9

Ethylbenzene

NGR

150

110

NGR

41

NGR

11

Xylenes

NGR

48

74

120

NGR

18

-

Styrene

NGR

51

-

0.072

-

F1

NGR

9.1

9.9

11

NGR

9.8

-

F2

NGR

17

3.1

NGR

1.3

-

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

54

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

oarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Acenaphthene

NGR

-

0.0058

-

Acenaphthylene

-

0.046

-

Anthracene

NGR

0.32

0.000012

-

Fluoranthene

NGR

0.86

0.00004

-

Fluorene

NGR

-

0.003

-

Methylnaphthalen

es

150

f

38

f

-

0.18

f,i

0.18

f,i

-

Naphthalene

NGR

7

-

0.0011

0.0014

Phenanthrene

-

0.0004

-

Pyrene

NGR

-

0.000025

-

Benz[a]anthracen

e

g

-

0.000018

-

Benzo[b+j]fluoran

thene

g

-

0.00048

-

Benzo[k]fluoranth

ene

g

-

0.00048

-

Benzo[g,h,i]peryle

ne

g

-

0.00021

0.00017

-

Benzo[a]pyrene

g

-

0.0066

0.000017

0.000015

-

Chrysene

g

-

0.0014

-

Dibenz[a,h]an

thracene

g

-

0.00028

0.00026

-

Indeno[1,2,3-

c,d]pyrene

g

-

0.00023

0.00021

-

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

55

Table 3.11: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Halogenated Aliphatics, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type

(Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Halogenated

Aliphatics

Vinyl chloride

0.12

0.013

-

1,1-

Dichloroethene

4.5

0.49

-

cis-1,2-

Dichloroethene

0.23

f

0.03

f

-

18

f,i

18

f,i

-

trans-1,2-

Dichloroethene

0.23

f

0.03

f

-

28

f,i

28

f,i

-

Trichloroethene

(Trichloroethylen

e, TCE)

2.8

0.25

73

83

0.27

0.029

-

Tetrachloroethe

ne

(Tetrachloroethy

lene,

Perchloroethyle

ne, PCE)

16

1.3

-

0.11

-

1,1-

Dichloroethane

44

f

6.6

f

-

260

f,i

260

f,i

1,2-

Dichloroethane

1.2

0.13

-

0.1

-

Dichloromethan

e

(Methylene

chloride)

410

43

-

0.098

-

1,1,1,2-

Tetrachloroetha

ne

0.38

f

0.066

f

-

2.5

f,i

2.5

f,i

-

1,1,2,2-

Tetrachloroetha

ne

0.21

f

0.063

f

-

3.0

f,i

3.0

f,i

-

1,1,1-

Trichloroethane

95

f

13

f

-

1.1

f,i

1.1

f,i

-

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

56

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

1,1,2-

Trichloroethane

0.41

f

0.091

f

-

12

f,i

12

f,i

-

Trichloromethan

e (Chloroform)

0.35

0.04

-

0.0018

-

Tetrachlorometh

ane

(Carbon

tetrachloride)

0.078

0.0068

-

0.013

-

1,2-

Dichloropropane

2

f

0.33

f

-

7.2

f,i

7.2

f,i

-

1,3-

Dichloropropene

0.61

f

0.1

f

-

0.31

f,i

0.31

f,i

-

Bromoform

13

f

8.4

f

-

3.7

f,i

3.7

f,i

-

Bromomethane

0.23

f

0.033

f

-

0.4

f,i

0.4

f,i

-

Bromodichlorom

ethane

-

8.5

f,i

8.5

f,i

-

Dibromochlorom

ethane

250

10

-

Ethylene

dibromide

0.012

f

0.0051

f

-

12

f,i

12

f,i

-

Table 3.12: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Chlorinated Aromatics, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type

(Fine Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Chlorinated

Aromatics

Chlorobenzene

2.2

0.18

-

0.0013

0.025

1,2-

Dichlorobenzen

NGR

64

-

0.0007

0.042

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

57

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

e

1,3-

Dichlorobenzen

e

-

0.15

0.042

h,i

0.042

h,i

1,4-

Dichlorobenzen

e

32

2.6

-

0.026

-

1,2,3-

Trichlorobenze

ne

6.9

0.33

-

0.008

-

1,2,4-

Trichlorobenze

ne

6.1

0.29

-

0.024

0.0054

1,3,5-

Trichlorobenze

ne

3.3

0.15

-

1,2,3,4-

Tetrachloroben

zene

NGR

-

0.0018

-

1,2,3,5-

Tetrachloroben

zene

NGR

0.16

-

1,2,4,5-

Tetrachloroben

zene

NGR

0.08

-

Pentachloroben

zene

NGR

0.44

-

0.006

-

Hexachloroben

zene

0.21

0.014

-

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

58

Table 3.13: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Phenols, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil and

Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Phenols

2-Chlorophenol

-

0.33

f,i

0.33

f,i

-

2,4-

Dichlorophenol

NGR

-

0.0002

-

2,4-

Dimethylphenol

-

3.9

f,i

3.9

f,i

-

2,4-

Dinitrophenol

-

1.1

f,i

1.1

f,i

-

Phenol

NGR

45000

110

150

0.004

-

2,4,5-

Trichlorophenol

-

0.16

f,i

0.16

f,i

-

2,4,6-

Trichlorophenol

NGR

540

-

0.018

-

2,3,4,6-

Tetrachlorophe

nol

NGR

-

0.001

-

Pentachlorophe

nol

NGR

2.2

0.0005

-

Table 3.14: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Pesticides, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type (Fine Soil

and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Aldicarb

-

0.001

0.00015

Aldrin

-

0.003

-

Atrazine and

metabolites

-

0.0018

0.01

h,i

0.01

h,i

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

59

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Azniphos-

methyl

-

0.00001

-

Bromacil

-

0.005

-

Bromoxynil

-

0.005

-

Captan

-

0.0013

-

Carbaryl

-

0.0002

0.00032

Carbofuran

-

0.0018

-

Chlordane

1.7

f

1.6

f

-

0.015

f,i

0.015

f,i

-

Chlorothalonil

-

0.00018

0.00036

Chlorpyrifos

-

0.0000035

0.00000

2

0.000002

Cyanazine

-

0.002

-

2,4-D (2,4-

Dichlorophenox

yacetic acid) &

other phenoxy

herbicides

-

0.004

-

DDAC (Didecyl

dimethyl

ammonium

chloride)

-

0.0015

-

DDT (Dichloro-

Diphenyl-

Trichloroethane

) & metabolites

-

0.000001

-

Deltamethrin

-

0.0000004

-

Diazinon

0.000003

h,i

0.000003

h,i

Dicamba

-

0.01

-

Dichlofop-

methyl

-

0.0061

-

Dieldrin

-

0.000056

-

Dimethoate

-

0.0062

-

Dinoseb

-

0.00005

-

Endosulfan

-

0.00003

0.00002

Endrin

-

0.000036

-

Glyphosate

-

0.065

-

Heptachlor

epoxide

0.051

0.002

-

0.0000038

-

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

60

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Imidacloprid

-

0.00023

-

IPBC (3-iodo-2-

propynyl butyl

carbamate)

-

0.0019

-

Lindane (γ-

hexachlorocyclo

hexane)

-

0.00001

-

Linuron

-

0.007

-

Malathion

-

0.0001

-

MCPA

-

0.0026

0.0042

Methoprene

-

0.00009

-

Methoxychlor

-

0.00003

-

Metolachlor

-

0.0078

-

Metribuzin

-

0.001

-

Parathion

-

0.000013

-

Permethrin

-

0.000004

0.00000

1

0.000001

Picloram

-

0.029

-

Simazine

-

0.01

-

Tebuthiuron

-

0.0016

-

Toxaphene

75

2.9

-

0.0000002

-

Triallate

-

0.00024

-

Trifluarin

-

0.0002

-

Table 3.15: Tier 2 (Site-Specific Guidelines), Other Organics, Water Use/Exposure Pathway, based on Soil Type (Fine

Soil and Coarse Soil)

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Acetone

1.1E+5

f

39000

f

-

13

f,i

13

f,i

-

Acridine

-

0.00005

h,i

0.00005

h,i

-

Aniline

13,000

1,000

-

0.0022

-

Bis(2-

12000

f

810

f

-

30

f,i

30

f,i

-

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

61

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

chloroethyl)eth

er

Bis(2-

chloroisopropyl

)ether

7100

f

400

f

-

30

f,i

30

f,i

-

Bis(2-ethyl-

hexyl)phthalate

NGR

-

0.016

-

Chloroaniline,

p-

-

0.04

f,i

0.04

f,i

-

Dibutyl

phthalate

NGR

-

0.019

-

di-n-Butyltin

-

0.00008

h,i

0.00008

h,i

-

Diethylphthalat

e

-

0.0038

f,i

0.0038

f,i

-

Diisopropanola

mine

-

160

1.6

-

2,4-

Dinitrotoluene

-

0.29

f,i

0.29

f,i

-

Ethylene glycol

NGR

9200

16000

190

-

Hexachlorobuta

diene

0.22

0.015

-

0.0013

-

Methyl

methacrylate

120

10

-

Methyl ethyl

ketone

7200

f

2900

f

-

150

f,i

150

f,i

-

Methyl isobutyl

ketone

2500

f

830

f

-

58

f,i

58

f,i

-

Methyl mercury

-

0.000015

f,i

0.000015

f,i

-

MTBE (Methyl

tert-butyl ether)

40

4.3

-

10

5

Monochloramin

e

0.0005

h,i

0.0005

h,i

Nonylphenol +

ethoxylates

-

0.0081

0.001

0.0007

Propylene

glycol

-

500

-

Quinoline

0.0034

h,i

0.0034

h,i

Sulfolane

-

1700

2800

50

-

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TABLE 3 FEDERAL INTERIM GROUNDWATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

GENERIC GUIDELINES FOR COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL LAND USES

a

(mg/L)

Note: Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality (Health Canada, 2010) may also apply

Guidelines may not apply if underlying assumptions are not met (see Section 4.2)

62

Parameters

Inhalation

Fine

Inhalation

Coarse

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Fine

Soil

Organisms

Direct

Contact

Coarse

Freshwater

Life

b

Fine

Freshwater

Life

b

Coarse

Marine

Life

c

Fine

Marine

Life

c

Coarse

Tributyltin

-

0.000008

0.000001

Triethyltin

-

0.0004

h,i

0.0004

h,i

-

Triphenyltin

-

0.000022

-

a – all values adopted from Alberta Environment (AESRD) (2010a) unless otherwise specified

b – where AESRD (2010a) guideline was not based on the Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (CWQG) for the Protection of Aquatic Life for freshwater

environments (CCME 1999), and a CWQG exists, the groundwater quality guideline was re-calculated based on the CWQG

c – based on Canadian Water Quality Guidelines (CWQG) for the Protection of Aquatic Life for the marine environments(CCME 1999) and groundwater

transport model

d – the freshwater aquatic life guidelines vary depending on water pH, hardness etc. Therefore, see Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of

Aquatic Life (CCME 1999) to determine the appropriate water quality guideline applicable to the site and calculate the groundwater guidelines using

formulas provided in Appendix B

e – guideline is the lowest of all applicable pathways

f – adopted from Ontario Ministry of the Environment (OMOE) (2010)

g – for ecological receptors only

h – adopted from BC Contaminated Sites Regulation

i - 10x factor for dilution in surface water was removed from guideline value

j – adopted directly from CCME (1999)

NGR – no guideline required; calculated guideline exceeds solubility limit

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63

APPENDIX B

MODELS, EQUATIONS AND DEFAULT MODEL PARAMETERS

USED TO CALCULATE TIER 1 AND TIER 2 GUIDELINES

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64

This appendix provides the equations and default model parameters used to derive most of the

generic groundwater guidelines; these same equations and model parameters should be used

as the starting point for site-specific modification in the derivation of Tier 2 guidelines. All

equations presented herein were adopted from Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource

Development (AESRD) (AESRD 2010a, 2010b) unless otherwise specified.

For more comprehensive guidance on using the models presented herein, including which

parameters can be adjusted at Tier 2, appropriate ranges within which these parameters can be

adjusted, and data requirements to support Tier 2 adjustment, refer to Appendices C and D of

the Canada-Wide Standard for Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil: User Guidance (CCME,

2008b).

B.1 Human Exposure Pathways

Vapour Inhalation

Groundwater guidelines protective of the indoor infiltration and inhalation pathway were

calculated using the equations from the CCME (2006) protocol adapted for groundwater.

Consistent with the approach taken in CCME (2008a), an adjustment factor of 10 is applied in

the equations below for petroleum hydrocarbons (including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and

xylenes), to account for empirical evidence that measured indoor air concentrations are typically

lower by at least an order of magnitude than concentrations predicted from the models below.

The adjustment factor takes the value of 1 for all other chemicals, reflecting the lack of any

empirical data to support such a factor for these chemicals. Default parameter values are

summarized in Tables 4 to 8. Separate calculations are made for carcinogens and non-

carcinogenic chemicals.

Groundwater Guidelines for Non-Carcinogens

 

3

10' 





ETH

AFDFSAFCTC

GWQG

ia

I

Where: GWQG

I

= groundwater quality guideline for indoor infiltration (mg/L);

TC = tolerable concentration (mg/m

3

);

C

a

= background air concentration (mg/m

3

);

SAF = allocation factor (dimensionless);

DF

i

= dilution factor from soil gas to indoor air (calculated below);

AF = adjustment factor (10, hydrocarbons; 1, all other chemicals);

H’ = dimensionless Henry’s Law Constant (dimensionless);

ET = exposure term (dimensionless);

10

3

= conversion factor from m

3

to L; and,

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Groundwater Guidelines for Carcinogens

3

10' 





ETH

AFDFRsC

GWQG

i

I

Where: GWQG

I

= groundwater quality guideline for indoor infiltration (mg/L);

RsC = risk-specific concentration (mg/m

3

);

DF

i

= dilution factor from soil gas to indoor air (calculated below);

AF = adjustment factor (10, hydrocarbons; 1, all other chemicals);

H’ = dimensionless Henry’s Law Constant (dimensionless);

ET = exposure term (dimensionless);

10

3

= conversion factor from m

3

to L; and,

Note that in contrast to the CCME (2006) protocol, an exposure term of 0.2747 was used for

commercial and industrial land use for carcinogens.

Dilution Factor Calculation

The dilution factor (DF

i

) was calculated as follows:





1

DF

i

Where: DF

i

= dilution factor from soil gas concentration to indoor air

concentration (unitless); and,

 = attenuation coefficient (unitless; see derivation below).





























































































1

AD

LQ

exp

LQ

AD

LQ

AD

LQ

exp

AD

LQ

exp

LQ

AD

crackcrack

cracksoil

Tsoil

B

eff

T

TB

B

eff

T

crackcrack

cracksoil

crackcrack

cracksoil

TB

B

eff

T

where:

 = attenuation coefficient (dimensionless);

D

T

eff

= effective porous media diffusion coefficient (cm

2

/s);

A

B

= building area (cm

2

);

Q

B

= building ventilation rate (cm

3

/s);

L

T

= distance from contaminant source to foundation (cm);

Q

soil

= volumetric flow rate of soil gas into the building (cm

3

/s);

L

crack

= thickness of the foundation (cm);

D

crack

= effective vapour diffusion coefficient through the crack (cm

2

/s);

and,

A

crack

= area of cracks through which contaminant vapours enter the

building (cm

2

).

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Calculation of D

T

eff

:















2

3

10

t

a

eff

T

DD



Where: D

T

eff

= overall effective porous media diffusion coefficient based on

vapour-phase concentrations for the region between the source

and foundation (cm

2

/s);

D

a

= diffusion coefficient in air (cm

2

/s);



a

= soil vapour-filled porosity (dimensionless); and,



t

= soil total porosity (dimensionless).

Note that this equation assumes that the dominant form of diffusion is through air and therefore

cannot be applied to scenarios where diffusion in water may become a dominant form of the

transport equation. Therefore, moisture content must always be set to an unsaturated condition

in order to apply this equation.

For Tier 1 and Tier 2 guideline adjustments where more than 1 stratum exists, the calculation of

D

T

eff

must be based on the most conservative stratum in zone of contaminant migration (e.g.,

the stratum with the highest diffusion coefficient must be used). An exception is allowed for sites

where a surficial fine grained deposit exists over a coarse grained deposit. In the event that

1. Sufficient borehole information is provided to support the presence of a continuous fine

grained layer over the entire site,

2. Sufficient borehole information is provided to support estimation of the minimum

thickness of the fine grained layer and

3. The minimum thickness of the fine grained layer is at least 1 m deeper than the depth of

typical excavations at the site in the event of construction and at least 1 m deeper than

the maximum depth of basements or potential basements at the site

then the fine grained layer can be applied to the calculation of D

T

eff

. However, the depth to the

contaminant layer or the groundwater cannot be set at a depth greater than the minimum

thickness of the layer.

For more detailed site specific risk assessments and in the event that sufficient data is available

to determine continuous presence of several layers and minimum and maximum thickness of

these layers, it may be possible to estimate the effective diffusion coefficient based on a

combination of all layers present at the site. However, this requires a site specific risk

assessment and is not allowed for simple model changes at Tier 2.

Where site-specific risk assessments are used, and in the event that there is more than one soil

type through which the contaminant must diffuse, D

T

eff

can be calculated separately for each soil

stratum (stratum-specific diffusion coefficients are referred to as D

i

eff

below) and averaged using

the following equation:

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



i

eff

i

T

eff

T

LD

L

D

Where: D

T

eff

= overall effective porous media diffusion coefficient based on

vapour-phase concentrations for the region between the source

and foundation (cm

2

/s);

D

i

eff

= effective porous media diffusion coefficient for stratum ‘i’,

calculated as above;

L

T

= distance from contaminant source to foundation (cm); and,

L

i

= thickness of stratum ‘i’ through which the contaminant travels.

Calculation of D

crack

:

D

crack

is calculated in exactly the same way as D

T

eff

, with the exception that the assumption is

made that the soil material in the cracks is dry (CCME, 2006a), and accordingly, the air filled

porosity is the same as the total porosity, and the equation becomes:















2

3

10

t

acrack

DD



Where: D

crack

= effective porous media diffusion coefficient in floor cracks (cm

2

/s);

D

a

= diffusion coefficient in air (cm

2

/s);



t

= total porosity for underlying soil (dimensionless).

In this equation, it is always assumed that the soil properties are based on the properties of the

soil surrounding the building foundation.

Calculation of Q

B

:

600,3

ACHHWL

Q

BBB

B



Where: Q

B

= building ventilation rate (cm

3

/s);

L

B

= building length (cm);

W

B

= building width (cm);

H

B

= building height (cm 3);

ACH = air exchanges per hour (h

-1

); and,

3,600 = conversion factor from hours to seconds.

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Calculation of Q

soil

:



















crack

crackv

soil

r

Z2

ln

XPk2

Q

Where Q

soil

= volumetric flow rate of soil gas into the building (cm

3

/s);

P = pressure differential (g/cms

2

);

k

v

= soil vapour permeability to vapour flow (cm

2

) for soil adjacent to

building foundation;

X

crack

= length of idealized cylinder (cm);

 = vapour viscosity (0.000173 g/cms; CCME, 2006a);

Z

crack

= distance below grade to idealized cylinder (cm); and,

r

crack

= radius of idealized cylinder (cm; calculated as A

crack

/X

crack

).

B.2 Ecological Exposure Pathways

Direct Contact by Soil organisms

Groundwater guidelines based on direct contact by soil organisms for non-polar organic

compounds and salts are based on soil quality guidelines for this pathway:

Non-polar organic compounds

   

abococw

b

DCDC

HfK

SQGGWQG









'

Where: GWQG

DC

= groundwater remediation guideline protective of direct contact with

plants and soil invertebrates in areas of shallow groundwater

(mg/L);

SQG

DC

= soil quality guideline protective of direct contact with plants and

soil invertebrates (mg/kg);



b

= dry soil bulk density (g/cm

3

);



w

= moisture-filled porosity (dimensionless);

K

oc

= organic carbon partition coefficient (L/kg);

f

oc

= fraction of organic carbon (g/g);

H’ = dimensionless Henry’s Law Constant (dimensionless); and,



a

= vapour-filled porosity (dimensionless).

Salt Compounds

Salt compounds do not interact significantly with soil organic carbon, are not present to a

significant extent in the vapour phase, and are present in pore water or loosely bound to clay

mineral surfaces. These guidelines are presented in terms of the electrical conductivity (in

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dS/m) of a saturated paste of the soil. The groundwater guideline for this exposure pathway for

salts is calculated from the AESRD (2001b) ecological soil contact soil quality guidelines, for

coarse and fine soils, using the following equation. It is assumed that the water content of the

soil in a saturated paste sample may be approximated by the total porosity of the soil.

t

SQGGWQG

b

DCDC





000,1



where:

GWQG

DC

= groundwater remediation objective protective of ecological soil

contact in surface soil (S/cm);

SQG

DC

= soil quality guideline for salts protective of eco-soil contact (2

dS/m, agricultural and residential; 4 dS/m commercial and

industrial);

1,000 = conversion factor from dS/m to S/cm (dimensionless);



b

= dry soil bulk density (g/cm

3

); and,



t

= total porosity (dimensionless).

It should be noted that this calculation only applies to the groundwater quality guideline that is

calculated for soil-based ecological receptors and cannot be used to screen any other pathways

or receptors. It should also be noted that the above calculation only applies to the total ionic

concentration in the soil. All pathways and receptors, including soil ecological pathways and

receptors, must still be screened for potential effects from exposure of the individual ions that

comprise the total electrical conductivity regardless of calculations from this equation.

B.3 Groundwater Transport

Lateral groundwater transport (e.g. to a nearby surface water body) is modelled using a

transport model and equations from the CCME (2006) protocol. At this time, transport modelling

for inorganic substances is not conducted due to the uncertainties associated with the

partitioning of metals between the adsorbed and dissolved phase and the lack of biodegradation

of these substances; transport of inorganic substances could be assessed on a site-specific

basis where appropriate.

For the protection of aquatic life or wildlife watering, it is assumed that there is a minimum 10 m

lateral separation between the point of measurement and the surface water body; this distance

can be modified at Tier 2. The model used to calculate the groundwater guidelines for these

water uses is simply the lateral transport part of the CCME (2006) model used to calculate the

corresponding soil guideline.

The groundwater remediation guideline protective of aquatic life and wildlife watering is

calculated using the following equations.

GWQG

GR

= SWQG x DF4

where: GWQG

GR

= groundwater quality guideline protective of groundwater pathways

(mg/kg);

SWQG

FL

= corresponding surface water quality guideline (aquatic life, or

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wildlife watering) (mg/L);

DF4 = dilution factor for lateral transport (L/kg).

Assumptions implicit in the model include the following:

 the soil is physically and chemically homogeneous;

 depletion of the contaminant source is not considered (i.e., infinite source mass);

 contaminant is not present as a free phase product;

 groundwater aquifer is unconfined;

 groundwater flow is uniform and steady;

 co-solubility and oxidation/reduction effects are not considered;

 attenuation of the contaminant in the saturated zone is assumed to be one-dimensional

with respect to sorption-desorption, dispersion, and biological degradation;

 dispersion in groundwater is assumed to occur in the longitudinal and transverse

directions only and diffusion is not considered;

 dilution of the plume by groundwater recharge down-gradient of the source is not

included.

Dilution Factor 4

Dilution factor 4 (DF4) from the CCME (2006) model accounts for the processes of dispersion

and biodegradation as groundwater travels downgradient from beneath the source of

contamination, and is the ratio of the concentration of a chemical in groundwater beneath the

source, to the concentration in groundwater at a distance (10 m for generic aquatic life and

wildlife watering guidelines) downgradient of the source. For distances less than 10 m, a value

of 1 should be used for DF4. Consistent with CCME (2008a,b), the time independent (steady

state) version of the equation to calculate DF4 was used:

)]()([)exp(

2

4

DerfCerfA

DF







































2/1

xs

x

v

DL4

11

D2

x

A

 

2/1

y

xD2

2Yy

C





 

2/1

y

xD2

2Yy

D





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 

d

t

L

s

07.0exp

6931.0

2/1



st

R

V

v





t

ococb

s

fK

1R







x1.0D

x



xD

y

01.0

where:

DF4 = dilution factor 4 (dimensionless);

erf = the error function;

A = dimensionless group A (dimensionless);

C = dimensionless group C (dimensionless);

D = dimensionless group D (dimensionless);

x = lateral distance between source and receptor (m);

D

x

= dispersivity in the direction of groundwater flow (m);

L

s

= decay constant (1/year);

v = velocity of the contaminant (m/year);

y = distance to receptor perpendicular to groundwater flow (m);

Y = source width (m);

D

y

= dispersivity perpendicular to the direction of groundwater flow

(m);

t

1/2s

= decay half-life of contaminant in saturated zone of aquifer (years);

d = water table depth (m);

V = Darcy velocity in groundwater (m/year);



t

= total soil porosity (dimensionless) in the aquifer;

R

s

= retardation factor in saturated zone (dimensionless);



b

= dry soil bulk density in the aquifer (g/cm

3

);

K

oc

= organic carbon partition coefficient (mL/g); and,

f

oc

= fraction organic carbon (g/g) in the aquifer.

It should be noted that the decay half-life is assumed to be infinite unless a value has been

approved by the CCME. Most published half-life data reflect aerobic conditions or surface

water/surface soil, and may be unconservative for potentially anaerobic groundwater conditions.

Site-specific half-lives may be considered in a site-specific risk assessment.

For screening purposes, a series of distance-based “adjustment factors” have been calculated

using the above model, with all inputs set at the default values for Tier 1 with the exception of

distance to surface water. These adjustment factors are based on a chemical that does not

biodegrade (i.e. decay constant is set to 0); in the absence of biodegradation, the results are

independent of most soil properties and chemical properties. The adjustment factors were

calculated using the distance at the lower end of each range in the table below (e.g. the factor

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for 100-149 m is based on a distance of 100 m). The results are dependent on the plume width,

and therefore should not be applied for contaminant plumes that are significantly wider than the

Tier 1 default.

These adjustment factors can be applied by multiplying the generic guideline for the protection

of aquatic life by the factor for the distance to the nearest surface water body. These factors

could also be conservatively applied to biodegrading substances, although use of the full model

incorporating biodegradation would result in higher guidelines. For example, the Tier 1 guideline

for the protection of freshwater life for naphthalene is 0.0011 mg/L. If the nearest surface water

body is at least 250 m away, the guideline could be adjusted by a factor of 8.9, resulting in a

Tier 2 guideline for freshwater aquatic life of 0.0011 mg/L x 8.9 = 0.0098 mg/L.

Distance to Surface

Water (m)

Adjustment Factor

<50

1

50-74

1.9

75-99

2.75

100-149

3.6

150-199

5.4

200-249

7.1

250-299

8.9

300-349

10.6

350-399

12.4

400-449

14.2

450-499

16

500-1000

17.7

These adjustment factors should only be used at sites where the Tier 1 guidelines could be

applied, and are intended to serve as a preliminary screening-level approach for deriving site-

specific guidelines for the protection of aquatic life in situations where using the full Tier 2 model

may not be warranted. They could be conservatively applied for biodegrading as well as non-

biodegrading contaminants, but generally if a chemical has a biodegradation rate then a much

higher guideline can be derived using the full model.

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B.4 Model Input Parameters

Table 4: Model Input Parameters for Human Receptor Characteristics

a

Parameter

Symbol

Infant

(0 – 6

mo)

Toddler

(7 mo - 4

y)

Child

(5 – 11

y)

Teen

(12 – 19 y)

Adult

(20+ y)

Body Weight (kg)

BW

8.2

16.5

32.9

59.7

70.7

Air Inhalation Rate

(m

3

/d)

IR

2.1

9.3

14.5

15.8

Water Ingestion

Rate (L/d)

WIR

0.3

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.5

a – from CCME 2006

Table 5: Soil and Hydrogeological Model Input Parameters

a

Parameter

Symbol

Soil Type

Coarse-

grained

Fine-

grained

Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity (m/y)

K

H

320

32

Hydraulic Gradient

i

0.028

Recharge (Infiltration rate) (m/y)

I

0.28

0.20

Organic Carbon Fraction (g/g)

foc

0.005

Soil Bulk Density (g/cm3)

ρ

b

1.7

1.4

Water Content (Mw/Ms)

M

W

/M

S

0.07

0.12

Total Soil Porosity

n

0.36

0.47

Vapour-Filled Porosity

θ

a

0.241

0.302

Moisture-Filled Porosity

θ

w

0.119

0.168

Soil Vapour Permeability (cm2)

k

v

6x10

-8

10

-9

a – from CCME 2008a

Table 6: Model Input Parameters for Site Characteristics

a

PARAMETER

SYMBOL

VALUE

Contaminant Source Width (m)

Y

10

Contaminant Source Depth (m)

Z

3

Contaminant Source Length (m)

X

10

Distance to Surface Water (m)

x

10

Distance to Potable Water User (m)

x

0

Distance to Agricultural Water User (m)

x

0

Distance from Groundwater to Building Slab (cm)

L

T

30

Depth to Groundwater (water table) (m)

d

3

Depth of unconfined aquifer (m)

d

a

5

a – from CCME 2006

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Table 7: Model Input Parameters for Building

a

Parameter

Symbol

Residential

Basement

Residential

Slab-On-

Grade

Commercial

Slab-On-

Grade

Building Length (cm)

L

B

1225

2000

Building Width (cm)

W

B

1225

1500

Building Substructure Area (cm

2

)

A

B

2.7x10

6

1.5x10

6

3.0x10

6

Mixing Height (cm)

a

H

B

360

300

Thickness of Building Foundation

(cm)

L

crack

11.25

Depth Below Grade of Foundation

(cm)

Z

crack

244

11.25

Area of Crack (cm

2

)

A

crack

1790

994.5

1846

Length of Idealized Cylinder (cm)

X

crack

4900

7000

Air Exchanges per Hour (1/h)

ACH

0.5

0.9

Pressure Differential (g/cm-s

2

)

ΔP

40

20

a – from CCME 2008a

Table 8: Model Input Parameters for Livestock and Wildlife Receptor Characteristics

a

Parameter

Symbol

Unit

Livestock

(Cow)

Wildlife

(Meadow

Vole)

Body Weight

BW

kg

550

0.017

Soil Ingestion Rate

SIR

kg/d

0.747

0.000058

Water Ingestion Rate

WIR

L/d

100

0.00357

a – from AESRD (2010a)

B.5 Chemical-Specific Parameters

A variety of chemical physical-chemical and toxicological parameters are also needed for

guideline calculation. The physical-chemical parameters applied to derive the generic guidelines

have been summarized in AESRD (2010a) and OMOE (2010). Human toxicological parameters

should be based on the latest guidance from Health Canada.

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REFERENCES

AESRD (Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resources Development). 2001. Salt

Contamination Assessment & Remediation Guidelines. Pub no.: T/606.

AESRD. 2010a. Alberta Tier 1 Soil and Groundwater Remediation Guidelines.

AESRD. 2010b. Alberta Tier 2 Soil and Groundwater Remediation Guidelines.

BC (British Columbia). 1996. BC Regulation 375/96: Contaminated Sites Regulation.

CCME (Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment). 1996. A Framework for Ecological

Risk Assessment: General Guidance. The National Contaminated Sites Remediation Program.

PN 1195.

CCME. 1997. A Framework for Ecological Risk Assessment: Technical Appendices. PN 1274.

CCME. 1999. Canadian Environmental Quality Guidelines. Canadian Council of Ministers of

the Environment. Publication No. 1299.

CCME. 2003. Guidance on the Site-Specific Application of Water Quality Guidelines in

Canada: Procedures for Deriving Numerical Water Quality Objectives.

CCME. 2006. A Protocol for the Derivation of Environmental and Human Health Soil Quality

Guidelines. PN 1332.

CCME. 2008a. Canada-Wide Standard for Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC) in Soil: Scientific

Rationale. Supporting Technical Document. PN 1399.

CCME. 2008b. Canada-Wide Standard for Petroleum Hydrocarbons (PHC) in Soil: User

Guidance. Prepared by O'Connor Associates Environmental Inc. (2001) and Meridian

Environmental Inc. (2001, 2007) for Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment. PN

1398.

Environment Canada. 2006. Ecological Risk Evaluation Framework for Federal Contaminated

Sites: Guidance for ERE Level 1 (Custodial Department Input Section). Version 2.2.

Hayashi, M. and Rosenberry, D. O. 2002. Effects of ground water exchange on the hydrology

and ecology of surface water. Ground Water 40(3): 309-316.

Health Canada. 2010. Federal Contaminated Site Risk Assessment in Canada, Part I:

Guidance on Human Health Preliminary Quantitative Risk Assessment (PQRA).

Health Canada. 2010. Federal Contaminated Site Risk Assessment in Canada, Part II: Health

Canada Toxicological Reference Values (TRVs).

Health Canada. 2010. Federal Contaminated Sites Risk Assessment in Canada Part V:

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76

Guidance on Human Health Detailed Quantitative Risk Assessment. Contaminated Sites

Division.

Health Canada. 2010. Guidelines for Canadian Drinking Water Quality. Federal-Provincial-

Territorial Committee on Drinking Water of the Federal-Provincial-Territorial Committee on

Health and the Environment.

OMEE (Ontario Ministry of Environment and Energy). 1997. Rationale for the Development and

Application of Generic Soil, Groundwater and Sediment Criteria for Use at Contaminated Sites

in Ontario. Standards Development Branch.

OMOE (Ontario Ministry of the Environment). 2010. Rationale for the Development of Soil and

Ground Water Standards for Use at Contaminated Site in Ontario.

US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency). 2008. Evaluating Ground-

Water/Surface-Water Transition Zones in Ecological Risk Assessments. Office of Solid Waste

and Emergency Response. EPA-540-R-06-072.

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www.ec.gc.ca

Additional information can be obtained at:

Environment Canada

Inquiry Centre

10 Wellington Street, 23rd Floor

Gatineau QC K1A 0H3

Telephone: 1-800-668-6767 (in Canada only) or 819-997-2800

Fax: 819-994-1412

TTY: 819-994-0736

Email: [email protected]c.ca

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