Individual cable system: An individual cable system
is defined generally as “each cable system recognized as
a distinct entity under the rules, regulations, and practices
of the Federal Communications Commission.…” In addition,
two or more cable facilities are considered as one “individ-
ual” cable system if either: (A) the facilities are in contiguous
communities and are under common ownership or control;
or (B) the facilities operate from one headend. Thus, even if
they are owned by different entities, two cable facilities will
be considered as one individual cable system if they share
a common headend.
WHAT A STATUTORY LICENSE
DOES NOT PERMIT YOU TO DO
The statutory authority given to cable systems to retransmit
television and radio broadcasts under a statutory license is
limited in several ways:
• Originations. To repeat: a cable system’s statutory li-
cense extends only to secondary transmissions (retrans-
missions). It does not permit the system to make any
originations of copyrighted material without a negotiated
license covering that material.
• Nonsimultaneous Retransmissions. In general, to be
subject to statutory licensing under the copyright law, a
cable retransmission must be simultaneous with the
broadcast being carried. As a rule, taping or other record-
ing of the program is not permitted. Taping for delayed
transmission is permissible only for some (not all) cable
systems located outside the 48 contiguous states; and,
even in these exceptional cases, there are further limita-
tions and conditions that the cable system must meet.
• FCC Violations. The broadcast signals that a cable sys-
tem can carry under a statutory license are limited to those
that it is permitted to carry under FCC rules, regulations,
and authorizations. If signal carriage is in violation of FCC
requirements, the cable system may be subject under the
Copyright Act to a separate action for copyright infringe-
ment for each unauthorized retransmission.
• Foreign Signals. In general, the copyright law does not
permit a cable system to retransmit signals of foreign
television and radio stations under a statutory license.
The only exceptions have to do with the signals of certain
Mexican and Canadian stations. Unless foreign signals
fall within these exceptions, their carriage would not be
authorized under a statutory license, even if permissible
under FCC rules.
• Program Alteration or Commercial Substitution.
Cable systems are not permitted to alter the content of
retransmitted programs, or to change, delete, or substi-
tute commercials or station announcements in or adja-
cent to programs being carried. There is only one excep-
tion: under certain circumstances, substitutions involving
“commercial advertising market research” may be per-
mitted.
Note: For detailed instructions concerning electronic pay-
ments, contact the Licensing Division for Circular 74, which
is also available at www.copyright.gov
⁄
circs
⁄
circ74.pdf
HOW THE STATUTORY LICENSE WORKS
In general, having a statutory license means that a cable
system can retransmit broadcast programming without
violating the copyright law, as long as it complies with cer-
tain paperwork requirements and, twice a year, deposits a
royalty fee with the Copyright Office.
• The cable system can, without negotiated licenses or
advance permission from copyright owners, retransmit
signals of any U.S. television or radio stations that it is
authorized to carry under FCC rules, regulations, or
authorizations (plus Mexican or Canadian stations in
certain cases); and
• The cable system must file statements of account with the
Copyright Office and must also deposit a semiannual roy-
alty. The amount of the royalty, which is established under
a statutory formula, depends on the total of the system’s
gross receipts for secondary transmission service.
• Every 6 months the cable system must send the Copy-
right Office a statement of account on this form, SA1-2
(Short Form), or on SA3 (Long Form) (if the gross receipts
are $527,600 or more).
• Each semiannual statement of account must be accom-
panied by the deposit of a royalty fee covering retrans-
missions during the preceding 6 months in the form of an
electronic payment payable to Register of Copyrights.
Why Having a Statutory License Is Important
Most television and radio broadcasts contain copyrighted
material. Without a statutory license, a cable system
would either have to negotiate licenses for all copyrighted
programming it transmits or run the risk of substantial
civil (or, in some cases, criminal) liability for multiple acts
of copyright infringement.
Who Can Utilize the Statutory License
Under the statute and Copyright Office regulations, re-
transmissions are subject to statutory licensing only if
they are made by cable systems.
Cable system: A “cable system” is defined as “a facility,
located in any State, Territory, Trust Territory, or Possession,
that in whole or in part receives signals transmitted or pro-
grams broadcast by one or more television broadcast sta-
tions licensed by the Federal Communications Commission,
and makes secondary transmissions of such signals or pro-
grams by wires, cables, microwave, or other communica-
tions channels to subscribing members of the public who
pay for such service.” A system that meets this definition is
considered a “cable system” for copyright purposes, even if
the FCC excludes it from being considered a “cable system”
because of the number or nature of its subscribers or the
nature of its secondary transmissions.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS, FORM SA1-2, PAGE (ii).