E x a m i n i n g c o s m E t i c s a d v E r t i s i n g c l a i m s i n f a s h i o n m a g a z i n E a d s 205
8. There is no difference among the misleading categories for environmental ads (
χ
2
=
4.95, p > .05, df = 3).
9. Subjective claims were classied as vague or false (χ
2
= 170.18, p < .001, df = 3).
10. Claim type percentage.
References
Aaker, D. A., & Myers, J. G. (1987). Advertising management. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Advertising Age. (2014). “Ad Age’s 2014 Agency A-List.” Online at http://adage.com/article/
special-report-agency-alist-2014/adage-s-2014-agency-a-list/291441/
Altuna, O. K., Siğirci, Ö., & Arslan, F. M. (2013). Segmenting women fashion magazine readers
based on reasons of buying, fashion involvement and age: A study in the Turkish market. Jour-
nal of Global Fashion Marketing, 4, 175–192. doi: 10.1080/20932685.2013.790708
Arens, W. F., Weigold, M. F., & Arens, C. (2013). Contemporary advertising and integrated mar-
keting communications. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.
Barnard, M. (2014). Fashion theory: An introduction. New York, NY: Routledge.
Burke, S. J., Milberg, S. J., & Moe, W. W. (1997). Displaying common but previously neglected
health claims on product labels: Understanding competitive advantages, deception, and edu-
cation. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 16, 242–255.
Carlson, L., Grove, S. J., & Kangun, N. (1993). A content analysis of environmental ad-
vertising claims: A matrix method approach. Journal of Advertising, 22, 27–39. doi:
10.1080/00913367.1993.10673409
Cohen, D. (1980). The FTC’s advertising substantiation program. Journal of Marketing, 44, 26–
35. doi: 10.2307/1250031
Craig, A. W., Loureiro, Y. K., Wood, S., & Vendemia, J. M. (2012). Suspicious minds: Exploring
neural processes during exposure to deceptive advertising. Journal of Marketing Research, 49,
361–372. doi: 10.1509/jmr.09.0007
Cummins, S., Reilly, T. M., Carlson, L., Grove, S. J., & Dorsch, M. J. (2014). Investigating the por-
trayal and inuence of sustainability claims in an environmental advertising context. Journal
of Macromarketing, 34, 332–348. doi: 10.1177/0276146713518944
Darke, P. R., & Ritchie, R. J. (2007). The defensive consumer: Advertising deception, defensive pro-
cessing, and distrust. Journal of Marketing Research, 44, 114–127. doi: 10.1509/jmkr.44.1.114
Englis, B. G., Solomon, M. R., & Ashmore, R. D. (1994). Beauty before the eyes of beholders: The
cultural encoding of beauty types in magazine advertising and music television. Journal of Ad-
vertising, 23, 49–64. doi: 10.1080/00913367.1994.10673441
Evidence-Based cosmetics: New trend or old hat?. (2011, March). Personal Care (pp. 1–3).
Finkel, E. (2008, March 18). The science of cosmetics. Cosmos Magazine, 1–3.
Ford, John B. J. B., Voli, P. K., Honeycutt, Earl D. E. D., Casey, S. L., Ford, J., Voli, P., & Casey,
S. (1998). Gender role portrayals in Japanese advertising: A magazine content analysis. Jour-
nal of Advertising, 27, 113–124. doi: 10.1080/00913367.1998.10673546
Fowler, J. G., & Carlson, L. (in press). The visual presentation of beauty in transnational fashion
magazine advertisements. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising.
Gardner, D. M. (1975). Deception in advertising: A conceptual approach. Journal of Marketing, 39,
40–46. doi: 10.2307/1250801
Gardner, D. M., & Leonard, N. H. (1990). Research in deceptive and corrective advertising prog-
ress to date and impact on public policy. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertis-
ing, 12, 275–309.
Halvorsen, K., Hoffmann, J., Coste-manière, I., & Stankeviciute, R. (2013). Can fashion blogs func-
tion as a marketing tool to inuence consumer behavior? Evidence from Norway. Journal of
Global Fashion Marketing, 4, 211–224. doi: 10.1080/20932685.2013.790707
Huhmann, B. A., & Brotherton, T. P. (1997). A content analysis of guilt appeals in popular maga-
zine advertisements. Journal of Advertising, 26, 35–45. doi: 10.1080/00913367.1997.10673521
Hung, K. H., Li, S. Y., & Belk, R. W. (2007). Glocal understandings: Female readers’ perceptions of
the new woman in Chinese advertising. Journal of international Business Studies, 38, 1034–
1051. doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400303